Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)
Jaromir Kovárnik: Az őskori ember hitvilágának tanulmányozása. A sámánizmus kutatása a régészetben
A probe into the spiritual life of prehistoric people, a reflection of shamanism in archaeology for both illness and the enchantment of others. They were endowed with extraordinary powers of healing, magic, inviting evil spirits and the like. We know from our knowledge and experiences that until recently there has been the belief of people from small villages in the ethnographic regions of southeast and southwest Moravia in the negative „enchantment" of one person or animal by another. But a help was also against it. Palaeolithic Evidence of spiritual reflection of Homo neanderthalensis is very sparse in the middle Palaeolithic. In the cadastral village of Vedrovice, Znojmo district, from the loess layers dating back to the Middle Palaeolithic, was discovered a heart-shaped quartz boulder covered with a red mineral dye (personal information of Karel Valoch 19 April 1991). Also societies of hunters in the upper Palaeolithic were very dependent on nature. Their economy was based on the „appropriation" of wild animals caught and the collection of herbs. Hunters had therefore very close relation to wild (hunted) animals. It is clear that totemism is typical for groups of hunters and gatherers. Hunting rituals carried out by shamans, wizards, apparently prevailed in the upper Palaeolithic. It was not just the ecstasy of shamans because of the „communication" with hunted animals that would ensure the success of the hunt. The goal was to provide enough food. The basis of these activities was always the perfect knowledge of nature as a whole, but above all the excellent knowledge of the behaviour of individual species of hunted animals. We are convinced that the hunting strategy, especially during the period of the upper Palaeolithic, reflected the preservation of the best pieces for Fig. 1. Cave Les Combarelles, France. Drawing of the therianthropomorhic figurine, shaman / sorcerer (by Jelinek 1972, Fig. 582, after H. Breuil). 1. kép Cave Les Combarelles, Franciaország. Ember-állat alakú figura rajza, sámán/varázsló 62 ////////////////////////////////^^^^
