Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)
Peter Toth: Rituális tevékenység Szlovákiában a neolitikum és rézkor idején
Ritual practices in the Neolithic and Eneolithic in Slovakia 'The existence of a sun cult in the Baden culture was suggested by T. Horváth (2010, 46; 2011, 25). 8 It was probably long-horned ox or cow, which might be characterized today as "Hungarian stepped cattle' (Farkas 2010, 443). 9 In the abdomen, there is a transversal aperture suggesting that statuette was cast by the lost-wax process (Struhár- Sojáк - Kucerová 2010, 451). 10 First wagon model was known from Radosina and is dated to the Baden culture (the Boleráz group; Némejcová-Pavúková - Bárta 1977). 11 It consists of amphorae, mugs, cups, jars, bowls, pots, storage vessels (Neustupnÿ 2008, 22). 12 Eneolithic drinking sets and drinking rituals do not necessarily mean the very beginning of these customs. Beer and shared drinking might have existed already in the Neolithic. However, since the Eneolithic new social norms (hospitality, the creation of warrior elite, weapons) and subsistence strategies were spread, which might have stabilized vessel types used for drinking (Vend 1994, 296-297). 12 Another artifact from the same period is known from Abrahám (Novotny 1962, tab. XXXI: 1; Némejcová-Pavúková 1979, 394; Rysánek 1993, 127-129). 14 Bow and arrow are weapons, as well, but they can not be separated from hunting models (Neustupnÿ 2008, 27). 15 Some hammer-axes made of hard rocks or over-sized axes were indeed weapons might have been used during combat (Neustupnÿ 2008, 27). 16 However, the recent revision of carbon paintings might suggest even earlier dating (Sefcáková 2017, 30-32). 17 Approximately 2 m from collective human burial was found a copper statuette of yoked-ox. For more information about the find see sub-chapter "5.1 Wagon and cattle harnessing". 18 Their existence in the Prehistory is more or less anticipated. However, a peculiar feature from Cicarovce might have been interpreted as a place, where shamans were sequentially buried. Within a shaft with dimensions of 3,8 x 3 m and depth of 2,2 m were recognized four main events which contained human skeletal remains, animal bones, pottery and stone tools. Burnt soil with a thick deposition of ash was located in the same place within each layer. Remains of buried individuals were ritually damaged before burying another individual. Undisturbed was only the last burial. Moreover, this burial contained animal mask made of antler (red deer) and fragments of human figurines made of clay. This shaft is dated through pottery to the Late Eneolithic (pottery of the Zemplin type and Csőszhalom-Cicarovce group; Vizdal 1978; Pavúk 2007).
