Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)

Kerezsi Ágnes: Az állatáldozat jellegzetességei az oroszországi finnugor népeknél

The characteristics of animal sacrifice of the Finno-Ugric peoples of Russia

Fig. 1. Josif Sopochin leaves a sacrifice in a family sacred grove. Made at the summer lodging of the Szopocin family, at the Woki-rap-yagun stream, at the tributary of the River Tromagan in June 1992. Photo: Ágnes Kerezsi

1. kép. Joszif Szopocsin térgyáldozatot hagy a családi szent ligetben. Készült: 1992 júniusában a Szopocsin család nyári szálláshelyén, a Woki-rap-yagun pataknál, a Tromagan folyó mellékfolyójánál. Északnyugat-Szibéria, Hanti-Manysi Nemzetiségi Körzet Szurguti járás. Készítette: Kerezsi Ágnes.

The persons who carry out sacrificial ceremonies can also be different kinds. Family ceremonies are usually carried out by the head of the family. In their absence, by elderly women. Usually priests, shamans, or guardians of the idol house of the spirits receiving the gifts made the collective sacrifices. Unlike popular beliefs, shamanswerenottheonlyceremonialleaders. Shamans were only invited to make the sacrifice when the will of the gods had to be discovered before the ceremony. When the members of the community had to find out when, what and how many gifts the gods demanded from them.

Sacrificial gifts can be very diverse just as the way they are sacrificed and offered to the gods and spirits. The size of the sacrificial gift depended on the rank of the deity and the size of the request. There are basically three types of sacrifices: food and drink, object and animal sacrifice. The latter is considered the most important, and it could be a horse, reindeer, cattle, also sheep and poultry for farming people. The sacrifice of objects can also be diverse, but most often fur, textiles and money. An important and general rule on both sides of the Ural mountains is that the gift for

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