Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)

Peter Toth: Rituális tevékenység Szlovákiában a neolitikum és rézkor idején

Ritual practices in the Neolithic and Eneolithic in Slovakia

Fig. 6. Female idol from Cataj, dated to the Bajc-Retz-Krepice group (after Pavúk 1981, obr. 58).

6. kép. Női idol íatajból. Bajc-Retz-Kfepice csoport (Pavúk 1981, obr. 58 nyomán).

missing upper iimbs, and head or between arms are located 1-3 holes for placing a portable head made of organic material. Figurines almost exclusively depict women, and usually, they are decorated from both sides. Decoration in the form of one or two diagonally incised bands might suggest clothes covering the body wholly or partially (fig. 7; Kalicz 1981; Bondár 1999-2000; Kalicz 2002). It was suggested that flat idols of the Baden culture could be a part of a large spiritual unit reaching to southeast Europe and Anatolia. Significant should be a diagonal decoration between breasts which might be connected with the cult of Ishtar (two diagonal bands crossing) and Aphrodite (one diagonal band between breasts; Makkay 1963,11-14).

It seems a gradual transformation of anthropomorphic figurines took place in 3rd millennium BC. Idols are highly stylized, and they reflect a disintegration of ideology, in center of whose was a woman and cults related to her (Novotná - Soják 2013, 145). In this period, idols occur very rarely in Slovakia. A statue of prismatic shape (fig. 8) was exceptionally found in Vcelince in a grave together with an anthropomorphic urn. The figurine has a roundish head with an indicated haircut and a headband depicted by punctures on a forehead. Eyes and nose are plastically formed. Gender is depicted by breasts (Bondár 1999-2000,

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