Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)

Peter Toth: Rituális tevékenység Szlovákiában a neolitikum és rézkor idején

Ritual practices in the Neolithic and Eneolithic in Slovakia

Dvorniky is quite unusual1 (fig. 3). It depicts probably a man with hands on hips. Its head comprises almost half of the body and is formed into a quadrangle. Lower body is bent forward as if it was sitting (Balasa 1963, 180; Tocik et al. 1970, 40). Another flat idol was found in Sarovce (fig. 4). Comparing to previous exemplars, it represents a torso of an upper body. Its front side is richly decorated with incised lines initially filled with white incrustation. Lines are arranged in such a way that they are creating a negative ornament in the form of a letter H. Back side is polished and without any decoration. Method

Fig. 4. Flat idol from Sarovce, dated to the Bükk culture (after Pavúk 1981, obr. 50).

4. kép. Lapos idol Sarovceból, Bükk kultúra (Pavúk 1981, obr. 50 nyomán).

of decoration suggests this figurine originated in Tisza valley in a milieu of the Bükk culture and was imported to southwestern Slovakia to the area of the Zeliezovce group. Idol was found in an ordinary settlement pit together with items representing domestic activities (pottery, animal bones, bone tools, chipped stone industry, one half of a loom weight and daub; Novotny 1976, 135-136). Therefore it can not be ruled out that damaged or unnecessary idol was ritually put aside with offerings symbolizing the everyday life of a Neolithic man (Brichácek - Rulf 1992, 164).

Anthropomorphic figurines of the Lengyel culture (its Neolithic development) occur in Slovakia more sporadically comparing to Moravia, Lower Austria and partially Hungary (Pavúk 2003, 311). They the most frequently represent women2. Two types of idols can be distinguished - standing and sitting. Focus on their body is put on the middle part (emphasizing pelvis area), while face, chest, and extremities are suppressed. Clothes, haircut and emphasized pubic triangle can be

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