Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)
Andrzej Rozwadowski: Varázslyukak: Átjárók a szellemek világába a szibériai sámánizmusban
Sacred holes: Portals to the world of spirits in Siberian shamanism Fig. 18. Shamans coats have often had round metal pendants sewn on the coat. They were imbued with comparable symbolic associations related to crossing the worlds through a hole. Iron discs with a large hole symbolized an opening through which the shaman entered the underworld. This example comes from Yakutia - Museum in Oleniok. Photo A. Rozwadowski. 18. kép. A sámánkabátokon gyakran kör alakú fém medálokat varrtak. Ezeket hasonló, olyan szimbolikus jelentéssel ruházták fel, amelyek egy lyukon keresztül a másvilágba való átkeléshez kapcsolódtak. Vaskorongok nagy lyukkal olyan nyílást szimbolizáltak, amelyen keresztül a sámán belépett az alsó világba. (Vasii'ev 1910, 22-4; Anisimov 1958, 185; Prokofeva 1971, 30, 41; Chernyavskaya 2004,19,28,41, 51). The ritual material culture of Evenki shamans included also small rugs, made from the fur of reindeer or elk, which, like Sayan-Altai drums, were richly decorated with images of totemic animals. The motif of the square, which symbolized the entrance to the underworld, was frequently embroidered in the centre of these rugs (Anisimov 1958,115). Closing remarks Archaeologists permanently face the problem of semantic interpretations of material culture. It is true that the revealing the meaning of given piece of material is highly complex. Ethnography may be helpful in demonstrating that a given aspect of material culture is meaningful, which is quite obvious, but it can also demonstrate that some motifs can be related to more universal ideas and their semantics can be shared even cross culturally through large territory. The belief in crossing the worlds thorough a kind of opening offers such a case, but of course one must be careful with this analogy. If, however, there are other indications which suggest religious/shamanic context of
