Pásztor Emília (szerk.): Sámánizmus és természethit régen és ma - Bajai dolgozatok 23. (Baja, 2019)
Pásztor Emília: A bronzkori hidelmek és a természet kapcsolata a Kárpát-medencében
The Relationship of Bronze Age Beliefs and Nature in the Carpathian Basin One of the most characteristic features of shamanic ceremonies is the altered state of consciousness. The reason for this could be physiological as confirmed by anthropological research. Therefore one of the richest graves from the Mesolithic period (7-6600 BC) discovered in 1930 in Bad Dürrenberg (Germany) is attributed to a shaman (Fig. 13). Certain anatomical changes in the skull of the female individual may have caused frequent trance (Porr 2006). Objects related to shamanism convey countless symbolic meanings. Every piece of a shaman's dress helps facilitating contact with supernatural forces or controlling them, and also protects the shaman from being damaged. These objects are influenced by very strong symbolism. Although there are accessories that are specific to culture, many of them are widespread and can be considered very ancient. Antlers are one of the typical headdresses of shamans. (Fig. 14). Figures with antlers are also known from prehistoric Europe. Several researchers put the origin of shamanhood back to the Paleolithic era. The 15 000-year-old rock painting found in the Trois Frères Cave in France has been the oldest depiction of an antler-headed figure (Fig. 15). The 11,500-year-old masked headdress made from red deer skull found at Star Carr, England, was perhaps used by a shaman (Fig. 16) (Little 2016). Headdresses are rare among archaeological artefacts. Presumably, people with a special role in the community wore them at special occasions (Fig. 17). Fig. 6. A wooden oystercatcher shaped rattle used by Tlingit shamans (North American Northwest Coast). 6. kép A tlingit (Észak Amerika északnyugati partvidékén élő nép) sámánok által használt fából faragott amerikai csigaforgató madarat megjelenítő csörgő. no //////////////////////////^^^^
