Rosta Szabolcs szerk.: Kun-kép - A magyarországi kunok hagyatéka (Kiskunfélegyháza, 2009)
Hatházi Gábor: A déli Kiskunság 14-15. századi kincsleletei és azok lehetséges kun vonatkozásai
„KUN-KÉP" A MAGYARORSZÁGI KUNOK HAGYATÉKA hoard can also be localised to the territory inhabited in the Middle Ages by the Cunians. From material point of view it shows a picture similar to the case of the previous finds. The value of its fine silver decorations that in many cases were richly gilded, but frequently injured and repaired does not exceed 20 golden florins. Though we can suggest a somewhat richer owner than in the case of the Bodoglár and the Fehértó Hoard, but it would not mean a significant social difference. We can assume that judging from the historical data and value, the hoards in question cannot be identified with earlier suggested high positions of their owners and with the history of families learned from the written sources. Archaeological data seem to support this. These hoards - from the point of view of cultural character, style and age - can be divided into several layers or inner groups. They started to collect the hoards already in the middle of the 13 t h century, and several generations continued it. The main part of the material comes from the 14"' century. They were hidden only in the first third of the 15' h century. The 13 l h century core was made by decorations with chains-and-pendants, bracelets, and pendants showing intensive Byzantine influence, probably made in Moldva-Russia or in the Balkans. Hoards also include breast decorations of nomadic tradition. They are rarely found in the material of the Carpathian Basin and appear at certain regions or at separate cultural groups (border areas or groups that immigrated from the Byzantine cultural milieu and preserved contacts with it). It is important to emphasise that this early horizon, especially in the inner part of the country, is very different from the material of "Hungarian" hoards from the second half of the 13"' - early-14 1' 1 century. They are obviously foreign comparing to Hungarian attire. That is to say, these hoards seem to belong to Cumans not only because of their finding places, or because of their modest amount and quality, but because of the eastern costume traditions and strong Balkan-Byzantine influences. Intensive Byzantine relations (trade, political, cultural) of the Cumans in their Eastern European period are commonly acknowledged. The 14"' century layer of our hoards is characterised by Gothic jewellery. All these reflect the assimilation of the Cumans, except for the breast decorations. They continued to exist for a longer time than the rest of the disappearing "archaic" features of costume. The latest, 14 l h century pieces were made of Gothic mounts. There is a great contrast between these fine plates and the primitive fastening system applied to their back later. Their owners replaced the mounts with local products, altering the pieces "at home" according to their own needs. 88
