Rosta Szabolcs szerk.: Kun-kép - A magyarországi kunok hagyatéka (Kiskunfélegyháza, 2009)
Fogas Ottó: A gótikus feliratos csatok európai elterjedése
„KUN-KÉP '- A MAGYARORSZÁGI KUNOK . HAGYATÉKA ZOLNAY-MAROSI 1989 ZOLNAY-SZAKÁL 1976 ZSÁMBÉKI 1983 WICKER 1989 ZOLNAY 1977 VARADY 1999 SZEKERES 2005 tatása 2000. (Szerk.: Molnár E.-Bathó E.-Kiss E.) Jászsági könyvtár 5. Jászberény-Kiskunfélegyháza 2002, 35^14. Szekeres Á.: Kegy 14. századi templomrom Szabadka határában. Városi Múzeum, Szabadka 2005. Várady Z.: Gótikus minuscula feliratok a Dunántúlon. IPF kiskönyvtár 4. Szekszárd 1999. Wicker E.: „ Halasi Múzeum " /. Halasi Téka 9. Kiskunhalas 1989. Zolnay L.: Kincses Magyarország. Középkori művelődésünk történetéből. Budapest, 1977. Zolnay L.-Marosi E:.A Budavári szoborlelet. Budapest, 1989. Zolnay L.-Szakál E.: A Budavári gótikus szoborlelet. Budapest, 1989. Zsámbéki M.: 14-15. századi magyarországi kincsleletek. Művészettörténeti Értesítő 32. Budapest 1983, 105-128. Buckles with Embossed Gothic Inscriptions in the Carpathian Basin Inscribed buckles in the 13—14th century Western Europe represent the sub-group of the popular clothing buckles, which joints upper garments together. The occurrence of this classical item of Western European clothing culture is fairly diverse in the wider Carpathian Basin: 1. Buckles were only used to joint upper garments, but not known as belt buckles elsewhere in Europe. - Apart from one example, buckles found in Hungary were located on the pelvis (or close to it), thus they turned up as a part or accessory of the belt. 2. Both women and men might have worn them. - Buckles belonged to female tombs exclusively, where the gender of the skeleton is identified. 3. The trend of wearing buckles lasted relatively long, from the middle of the 13th century until the early 15th century. - Whereas its Hungarian existence in the clothing culture was shorter, starting from the mid 14th century and ending at the turn of the 14-15th centuries. 4. There are not two identical items among those 130 which have been found so far, that is to say they were not created in the same mould. - 22 from the 28 buckles (in Hungary?) belong to four groups of entirely similar types, meaning that nearly 80% of them are not uniquely made. 5. Besides the dominant number of Latin inscriptions, there were a few written in middle English and French, and only one in middle German, in spite of the fact that most of the buckles derive from German-speaking territories. — The deciphered inscriptions were written in German. 6. The European occurrence of buckles shows no concentration, they turned up evenly. - The concentration of buckles in contrast with the Western example, was multiple in the middle of Hungary (23 items as opposed to 5-7). 7. This item of the clothing culture belonged to the attire of all social strata from lower to the elite. This fact is justified by the great variety of buckles, that were made of cheap copper and bronze, more expensive precious metals, and some of them contained even gemstone inlays. - Apart from two gold plated silver buckles, they were made of cheap copper and bronze, referring to their owners' similar social status (possibly not noble) in the medieval settlements. 8. The inscribed buckles are not appropriate means of ethnic or religious classification. - Most of the examined cemeteries consisted of the tombs of Cumanian or Jassic people, thus these items can be regarded as parts of the 'Jassic-Cumanian' heritage. In my opinion, the last greater wave of Franciscan evangelization may give explanation for the frequent occurrence, the German inscriptions and the apparent similarity of the gothic embossed buckles in the 'Jassic-Cumanian' territory in the second part of the 14th century. 168
