Levéltári Közlemények, 63. (1992)

Levéltári Közlemények, 63. (1992) 1–2. - Kubinyi András: Mátyás király ausztriai kormányzata / 111–121. o.

Mátyás király ausztriai kormányzata 121 besetzt. Ungeachtet dessen, daß Matthias sein 1485 die größte Zeit dort verbracht hat, ist die Stadt Wien nur eine Nebenresidenz seines Reiches geblieben. Matthias hat bestrebt ein einheitliches — die ständischen Sonderstellungen beachtendes — Reich zu schaffen, dies konnte aber aus mehreren Gründen nicht gelingen. Infolge des ständigen Kriegszustandes ist es natürlich, daß sich die Österreicher nach dem Tode von Matthias gegen die ungarische Herrschaft gewandt haben. KING MÁTYÁS AS RULER IN AUSTRIA András Kubinyi What role did occupied Austria play among the states and territories under Mátyás' rule? Can we regard the lands mied by Mátyás as the predecessor of a united monarchy? Was Vienna Mátyás' capital, or Buda? The author seeks answers to these questions. Mátyás entered Vienna on June 1, 1485, but he was Duke of Austria only beginning in the spring of 1487. The latter year brought a change only in a de jure sense; from this year on, Mátyás also used the Austrian ducal seal. The king carefully observed the corporative independence of all the lands, preserving their institutions: in the case of Austria the ducal Council and independent Austrian administration of coinage. But central institutions, the Chancery and the treasury, supervised the actual government of all Mátyás' lands and territories. Mátyás united the chanceries of his countries, but gave considerable freedom to the individual Chancery departments. The chancellor retained control of the seal, though. The protocols of the documents issued concerning Austrian affairs reveal that here, as in the Bohemian kingdom, the Hungárián councillors of the king acted in most cases. An independent Austrian coinage directory formally existed, but the king's Hungárián castellan was entrusted with the collection of the wine tax. The king's viceroy, the captain of Austria exercized real power in Austria, but Mátyás füled other military positions with Hungarians and Czechs. Although he spent most of his time in Vienna after 1485, it remained only a secondary residence within his empire. Mátyás sought to establish a united empire, while still respecting corporative autonomy; but for several reasons he failed. As the result of the constant State of war, it is only natural that after his death the Austrians rose up against Hungárián rule.