Krónika, 1946 (3. évfolyam, 2-10. szám)
1946-08-15 / 8. szám
1946 augusztus 15. "KRÓNIK A” 7-IK OLDAL Just Peace for Hungary i. SUBMITTED TO THE DELEGATES OF THE UNITED NATIONS NOW ATTENDING THE PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE. The historical Hungary included several groups of peoples under the political leadership of the Magyars. Transylvania formed an ethnographic section within the natural geographic frontiers of Hungary. She constituted an integral part of the Hungarian autonomous state. However, she had a history of her own and her history as such had been interwoven with the general history of Hungary proper for over a thousand years. Transylvania as .an ethnographic unit of historical Hungary has developed a culture and tradition which is uniquely Hungarian in character and spirit. For a century and a half she was ruled by independent Magyar princes. However, never was the traditional tie which linked her to Hungary stronger than in that particular era. With regard to Transylvania's evolution and development, let us ask ourselves these questions: Whose stamp does she bear? What groups of people within her boundary are and were responsible for her spiritual and traditional development? If we trace the different phases of Transylvania’s history, we can readily find ample evidence of the fact that the political, religious and cultural leadership was exclusively borne by the Magyar and Székely people. We impute no blame or misgiving to the Roumanians when we state that as a matter of fact, until lately, they had played no conspicuous part in the national life of Transylvania. They immigrated into this country beginning with the 13th Century and settled down in the mountainous districts as poor shepherds. From their people only comperatively small numbers rose to higher positions in life as priests, teachers, lawyers, etc. No trace of their activity can be found in the country’s cultural life, even though everyone had the opportunity to rise to the highest positions whether they (belonged to the original Magyar stock' of the population or not. The Hungarian constitution had provided full equality to the various minority groups of people within her hands. The minorities were permitted to retain their traditional costumes and language. This - afforded the peoples of Transylvania to live harmoniously. The Roumanian claim to leadership of Transylvania is an absurdity. It can prevail only through coercion and destroys — as we can readily see in the present Roumanian occupation — enormous cultural values, and such rule implies the saddest kind of retrogression in every branch of public activity. The geographical area of pre-World War I. Hungary, including Croatia, covered 325,411 square kilometers. On the North, Northeast and Southeast it was surrounded by the ranges of the Carpathians. In the South its boundaries were formed by the Lower Danube, the Drava and the Save Rivers, and on the West by the River Lajta. This “ideal geographic entity” became the foundation also of an economic entity. The waves of the Tartar invasion broke against the solid rock of Magyar intrepidity. The Turkish invasion, which submerged the Balkans, was only partially able to break Hungary, and after centuries of resistance the Turkish power collapsed. Hungary, in defending her historic unity, defended also the civilization of the West. While Hungary was bleeding in defense of the West, the neighboring countries like Germany, Italy, France, Spain and England were able to develop their financial and economic resources. The infiltration of the non Magyar groups of peoples had begun during the middle of the 13th Century, but it was the Turkish invasion which caused them to pour in great masses into Transylvania. The Turkish' advent entirely changed the ethnographical aspect of the country. All this, however, did not affect the unity of the historic state. It was left for the Treaty of Trianon to break up Hungary on the pretext of satisfying national aspirations. The Hungarian Constitution has a historical development of more than a thousand years. Yet is was declared at Trianon that a thousand years of possession did not establish a right to ownership. There are a number of historical examples that contradicts this motivation. At this point it is to be noted that the treaty of Trianon was not ratified by the United States. By way of reference, we point to the Covering Letter signed by M. Millerand (at that time French Premier), with which the Entente Powers handled the peace terms of the Hungarian Delegates. This Covering Letter contains sufficient proof that the framers of the Treaty were aware of the injustice committed in the drawing up of the frontiers. Two passages from the letter which we believe to be of importance read thusly: “When the Delimitation Commission will have commenced activity, should they find that the provisions of the treaty in some spots create an injustice which it would be to the general interest to efface, it shall be allowed them to address a Report on this subject to the Council of the League of Nations. The Allied and Associated Powers are confident that the proceeding will furnish a convenient method for correcting all injustice in the demarcation of the frontiers against which objections not unfounded can be raised.” Ever since the Treaty of Trianon, there has always been a question of the boundaries, especially that of Transylvania. As it has been already shown, Transylvania for centuries has been a part of Hungary. Its language, culture and ethics are of the same. And since this section is one among the four sections torn from Hungary, due to the Treaty of Trianon, and also is the one section of which we are most concerned with, we will continue to point out a few more facts concerning this territory: In a geographical sense, and according to the natural formation of Southeastern Hungary, Transylvania is a basin encircled The arbitrary mutilation of the geographical and economic entity of the Hungarian kingdom HUNGARY’S PLACE IN THE SUN )M OF HUNGARY BEFORE THE WAR RFECT GEOGRAPHICAL UNIT 696 - 1916. Under The Atlantic Charter Hungary is Entitled to t-he Return of ALL Hungarian PopuLATtr Territories. Until TneRc u No Justice Can Be No Peace in Cent«al e«q.opa '.!\ Rózsahegj ’Ruttka Kerr,, Besztercebánya Rounyo Munkács, jyszomba^ Beregszász Altitude: »din* BOO metre* Taracköz JjMfHif Not exceed!** IH metre* Mutilated Hui|in eg tie lists el censes of 1910 Area: 92.833 «quare kilometers Population: 7.606,971 jalgótorjón ÍNytre^yhóza Area: 325.411 square kilometers Population: 20.S8C.4S7 100% Hezokfve^ Máramarossz^« r5zatmórnémeti "Esztergom .BUDAPEST T.06SF.3: Area. 232.578 snunro kilometer* 71-5% Population: 13.279.51C 03 0% Nagykároly Debrecen Stíkesfehérvór [Kecskemét jgysiülonto Békéscsaba Koioisvór »zővásórhely hilis thickly populated with Marosvásárhely Jjdombovor jyékényos Segesvor »pulated and partly uninhabited ou8 territory with a majorit« lungarian-speafcing people. Bolózs»o'v0 Mohócsc sreatod by Trim«» 6 előtár Petrczsenyj tupény Slahno flesicobór Hungarian cities taken away from Hungary CZECHO-8LOVAKI.V ^ _ 61.121 o km». 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