Külügyi Szemle - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet folyóirata - 2014 (13. évfolyam)
2014 / 4. szám - NEMZETKÖZI ELMÉLET - Szörényi András: A nem állami szereplők befolyásának növekedése és annak okai
A nem állami szereplők Résumé Causes of the Increasing Influence of Non-State Actors The 21st century will most probably be the century of the increasing transnational activity and influence of non-state actors. The trends of the 20th century will presumably continue and the new challenges will further reinforce the influence of the transnational actors. Non-state actors are present in growing numbers at this very level and possess more tools and greater power that enable them to pursue their interest. Although realist/neorealist and liberal/neoliberal theories cannot be neglected, the best starting point to analyse the place and influence of non-state actors within the international system seems to be the transnational approach. Built on the neoliberal theory new transnational approaches like those of Mathews (New Medievalism), Risse- Kappen (constructivist approach) or Slaughter (transgovernmentalism) gain more and more attention. In practice, the presence and strengthening of non-state actors can be observed primarily in two areas. Mostly they fill in the vacuum the states cannot or do not seek to fill in - be it economic, social or security related. They also appear in areas above the level of state interaction in the transnational sphere. Classic examples are the transnational economic opportunities stemming from globalisation or the global environmental challenges. In the last decades two very important changes have occurred. On the one hand nonstate actors have gained more economic and military power in absolute terms. On the other hand the relative weight of the power elements has changed in the power mix. While earlier non-state actors followed dominantly cooperative strategy towards the states (human rights, environment protection, regulations) they become active in more areas where competitive or confrontational strategy is required (economic interests, monopoly of violence). The influence of non-state actors can be direct or indirect. While advocacy remains an important way of influencing the processes through other actors, the capability of direct and indirect power in the transnational relations opens up a new chapter of opportunities for the non state actors. In certain areas they have become capable of directly derailing the actions of states, while in others they are gaining indirect influence by manipulating the attitude of fellow non-state actors towards the states or by limiting the capacities of states in other areas of responsibility. This is the very novelty of the 21st century regarding the room for manoeuvre of non-state actors. 2014. tél 201
