Külügyi Szemle - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet folyóirata - 2011 (10. évfolyam)
2011 / 3. szám - AMERIKAI HEGEMÓNIA ÉS NEMZETKÖZI REND - Magyarics Tamás: Az unipoláris rend menedzselése. Az Egyesült Államok hegemóniája a hidegháború után
Az unipoláris rend menedzselése Résumé Managing the Unipolar World Order. The Hegemony of the U.S. after the Cold War The international security environment changed dramatically after the end of the Cold War. The disappearance of the security threat posed by the Soviet Union (and the Warsaw Pact) effected significant shifts in the threat perception on the two sides of the Atlantic. Though the Cold War "realist deal" between the U.S. and its West European allies remained relevant to a large extent, most of the latter came to believe that post-Cold War security challenges could not really be met with military responses. Thus, Washington continued to put a premium on coercion in settling a number of issues from the Balkans through Iraq to Afghanistan. Bill Clinton and George W. Bush's administrations were engaged in the so-called democracy project (a.k.a. nationbuilding); Pax Americana seemed to be replaced with Pax Democratica. As regards the two most powerful Cold War adversaries of the U.S., both Russia and China adopted soft- balancing strategies and the Americans responded in - Realpolitik - kind: containment of Moscow and Beijing remained at the core of U.S. policies vis-ä-vis them. U.S. hegemony was most spectacularly and successfully challenged in the economic and financial areas. On the one hand, the international financial and economic systems and institutions created mostly by the U.S. after 1945 started to decline; on the other one, the economically successful countries after the end of the Cold War were predominantly outside of the U.S. hegemony. The danger for the U.S. is not only the quantitative rise of these economies, but it is also the perceived success of the different economic models these countries offer to the world. Finally, the formerly almost unchallenged American soft-power weakened as well - partly because of the neglect by Washington, and partly because of the huge efforts made by its rivals to promote their own values. 2011. ősz 37
