Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1990 (17. évfolyam)
1990 / 1. szám - A tanulmányok angol nyelvű tartalmi kivonata
1. mutual collective security system, 2. the autarchist security of the great powers, 3 „satellite” linkage, 4 neutrality, 5 military blocs. He gives an in- depth list of the negative features of the latter., He firmly remarks that the loosening of the blocs is a lengthier process wich has begun, and will speed up in the Europe of the 1990s, and which brings into a realistic close distance the terms of a mutual security system that will come about in the future. He admonishes official policies which ignore this constellation, or which place it into perspective and delays national aspirations of independence. In surveying the identities of interests that still maintain the two European alliances or which have formed recently, he states that the immediate political aim of the Hungarian Republic is not to pursue a vague status of neutrality, but rather to initiate a process of speeding up the division of blocs and to become growingly independent militarily and politically. Nóra Kollár Social democracy: democratic socialism. Adaptation — modernisation — experiences This topical essay attempts to give an answer to one of the central problems of democratic socialism, the chances of the ideas related to modernisation aspirations and their practical implementation in connection with four main issues. In the author’s concept, democratic socialism appears in the 60s and 70s as a strategy of adaptation, renewal and modernisation, which is embodied by the sample document of democratic socialism as laid down in the Bad Godesberg programme of the German Social Democratic Party. The expariments of social-democratic modernisation of the 80s and preparations for the 90s essentially occurred on the basis of the elements of the Godesberg programme which still exert an influence on present-day life. European Social Democracy — neither the so-called „success parties” nor the ones in opposition — was unable to withdraw itself from the effects of the conservative-liberal theory and mainly practice, the dominant trend of the 80s. The basic cause for that should be sought in the change of the basic conditions of the implementation of democratic socialism. While in the 60s and 70s the social- democratic national reform strategies (see Scandinavian countries, West Germany, etc) successfully unfolded under the umbrella of the Keynesian compromise, the basis of reference of the conventional reform policies began to change from the mid-seventies on. The solution could be a west European left-wing modernisation alternative on the Godesberg basis in favour of, and against which a number of factors exert an influence. Gyula Jordán The Chinese army and the reform process The reform process which began in China ten years ago did not leave untouched the Chinese army that plays an outstanding role in the structure and operation of the whole system. The programme of „four modernisations” outlined the foreign and domestic policy basic principles which define the role, structure and directions of development for the army. On the one hand, the essay surveys the general position of the army, the often contradictory effect of the individual reform moves, and the changes effected within the army, on- the other. The relationship between the army and the party and the state respectively, has a defining significance, which is considerably influenced by the fact that these strive for a certain depoliticising and enhancing of professionalism. Aside from the change in the role and structure of the army, the essay examines the moves entailing such essential effect, as the relative reduction of military spending within the budget, the implemented 1 million reduction of troop strength and the import of foreign miVI
