Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1987 (14. évfolyam)

1987 / 1. szám - A tanulmányok orosz és angol nyelvű tartalmi kivonata

power-politics—President Reagan left out of consideration the inner capabilities of the United States, its actual load-bearing capacity, and first of all, the deteriorated international environment of the USA. By a dramatical worsening of the American—Soviet relationship and stirring up suspicion Reagan markedly increased tensions in the world during his first term of office.

Reagan’s re-election and the subsequent events have shown the appearance of certain elements of reality in American foreign policy, but the attitude towards reality can only be judged in the light of the events to come.

György Madarász—Péter Rajcsányi:

Relationship betwen the American legislative and executive powers

(On the example of the 1973 Warpower’s Act)

The relationship between the legislative and executive powers is such an element of American decision—making that directly influences the daily and longer— term political decisions. Of these, the approval of the budget’in domestic politics, the discussion of treaties in the' Congress, the engagement of the American armed forces in external actions, the role of CIA abroad and at home, the American aids-policy, and a number of other topics in the foreign political field can be regarded as highly important. For example, the fact that in the Congress there was not a majority necessary for the ratification of the SALT—II. treaty makes its effect felt even in our days, SALT—II. treaty as the stand of the Congress has extraordinary importance in connection with President Reagan's statement that he does not consider the treaty on the limitation of offensive strategic arms to be valid. It is also noteworthy that the chairman of Foreign Affairs Committee, the Senate’s Senator Richard Lugar cited the stipulations of the 1973 Warpower’s Act, when, during the preparations against Lybia he warned Reagan that the armed forces of the United States could be used in conditions of war only with the approval of the Congress.

In our study we endeavour to analyze the main effect—mechanisms of the relationship between the legislative and executive powers in foreign political decision—making and examining 'this process, to monitor the passing and implementation of the Warpower’s act.

József Pankovits:

The role of foreign policy in the Italian political system

The Hungarian foreign policy has shown considerable interest towards Italy. Italy is one of those countries with differing social system and belonging to a different alliance system with which our country’s relations are favourable and settled. This explains, among others, that a series Of extensive analyses have been published in this country on the political relations existing in Italy. Our author tries to delienate the major features of the Italian political system and, doing so, to present some of the characteristics of the Italian foreign policy conduct. As it is known, in the course of 1946 and 1947, different social and political forces worked together in the creation of the constitution of the Italian republic. The constitution adopted by Parliament reflects the compromise of these forces. This fundamental feature characterizes Italy’s constitutional institutions and political system, under which the different class, social and political forces continue to be mutually interrelated within the fromework of law and Establishment. Their cooperation and their rivalry for the voters brought along dynamic changes in the political relations of forces and a shift to the left of certain trends by 1975—76 and, later on, a fluctuation of the voter’s confidence. The author points out a correlation between this fluctuation and the détente- tension dialectics of the international situation. Another correlation examined by the author: to what extent the shift in the political relations of forces of the mid-1970s influenced the official, state foreign policy. He arrives at the conclusion that the changes reflecting the contradictions of the development of the internal policy, the political system, stimulated the official approach, the activities of the government for constructive dialogue and for the representation of interestedness in East—West relations.

A big question of the development of

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