Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1985 (12. évfolyam)
1985 / 5. szám - A tanulmányok orosz és angol nyelvű tartalmi kivonata
the solution of conflicts, even if only modereta- ly. In this field, the peacekeeping activity by the UN is of special importance as well as the sending of observer groups to crisis zones and the goodwill missions by the UN Secretary General and his emissaries, especially in the Middle East, Cyprus, Namibia, Afghanistan and Kampuchea. The role played by the UN in the interest of peace and in eliminating tensions is also manifest in promoting the economic, social and cultural development of the developing countries. The magnitude of this activity is well demonstrated by the fact that 89 per cent of the total UN expenditure is being spent on such purposes. The fact that certain member states fail to fully adhere to the regulations set forth by the UN Charter is a restricting factor for a more efficient operation by the world body and for properly utilizing its possibilities. The developing countries are expecting the UN to do much more to help eliminate their backwardness, although their endeavours come up against resistance by the interests of the capitalist countries, maintaining unequal political and economic relations. Since the world organization has become universal, the former influence of the Western countries within the United Nations considerably decreased, which became the main reason of criticisms directed against the UN. Member states are marking the 40th anniversary of the United Nations properly if they renew their commitment to the aims and principles set forth by the UN Charter. Socialist countries attach great significance to the UN as a means of maintaining peace in the world. They are convinced that the UN can play a significant role in averting nuclear threat and in cooperation among the peoples, in the future too. János Király The UN and the South-Atlantic conflict The UN Security Council failed to fully fulfil its role in limiting the war between Great Britain and Argentina over the status of the Falkland (Malvina) Islands, chiefly because of the conduct of the United States. The resolution adopted by the Security Council right after the outbreak of the conflict did not deter Great Britain from escalating military operations to recapture the islands, neither did it give a lesson to Argentina. The representatives of the two countries involved took turns at the UN forum to charge each other with aggression and referred to the relevant regulations of Article 51 of the UN Charter that guarantees the right of the country submitted to aggression “for rightful individual or collective protection.” Since however the negotiations between the two countries had been unsuccessful so far, the status of the Falkland (Malvina) Islands remains unsettled. Various UN forums, including the General Assembly and the Decolonization Committee, kept the issue of sovereignty over the South-Atlantic islands on the agenda practically ever since the UN Charter had been signed, thereby helping to bring the standpoints of the two countries closer which finally led to negotiations between them. Although Great Britain, in compliance with the provisions of Article 73 of the UN Charter, indirectly recognized the colonial status of the Falkland (Malvina) Islands, it sabotaged up to the present day the implementation of UN resolutions on the decolonization of territories under her jurisdiction. The progressive forces of the world, including the socialist countries, condemned the large- scale military operations against Argentina and their escalation and, this in turn, brought along a modification of the standpoint of the United States. István S%erb Independence and self-reliance: on major endeavours by the Chinese foreign policy Since Chinese foreign policy has been consistently voicing peaceful coexistence with the rest of the world for a longer period now, the des-ideologization of Chinese foreign policy, as compared to an earlier period, can be considered inevitable. Since 1982, the foreign policy activities of the Chinese People’s Democratic Republic continue to become more and more balanced. Consequently the Chinese leadership is advocating that world war can be avoided and that arms race must be controlled. Today the Chinese foreign policy line is characterized by an “opening towards the rest of the world”. While earlier this opening included the developed capitalist countries only, today it also includes the majority of the socialist countries. This opening clearly shows that there exists a harmony between the economic reform policy and the external relations to serve it. The Chinese leadership is making effective efforts to handle the Chinese-American and the Chinese-Soviet relations as complementary factors in the long run. China continues to be interested in the economic and political integration of the West IX
