Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1983 (10. évfolyam)
1983 / 1. szám - A tanulmányok orosz és angol nyelvű tartalmi kivonata
Major trends in interstate intra-community relations of the socialist community around 1980 What were the major trends in the interstate intra-community relations of the socialist countries and what can be expected in the 1980s? An analysis of the processes of practice of the past decade points to a growing role for independent socialist state factors in their mutual relations as well as strengthening internationalisation. Factors furthering and putting a brake on this process are examined. Stressing the dialectical unity of both it is pointed out that, in the first half of the decade, the role of national factors grew more forcefully. In the second half of the decade—in the midst of changes in socialist and international conditions—the demands of internationalisation came to the fore to an increasing degree. Another trend of the seventies, the closer relations and the deepening of relations, as well as their extension in the fields of politics, economics, defence and ideology is also examined. Looking at the foreign policy activities of the socialist countries it is established that—on basic issues—coordinated action in the same direction based on identical interests has become strengthened. At the same time specific special interests are in evidence as well. Examining the policy of “creating contacts” and of a “differentiated approach” of the imperialist governments vis ä vis the socialist countries it is stressed that hopes attached to it came to nought thanks to the sound Marxist—Leninist policy of the Communist Parties and the strengthened and coordinated foreign policy activity of the socialist countries. Progress was made in spite of contradictions, isolation and hostile efforts to create disunity. Isolated and uncoordinated action present in the attitude of some countries on basic questions offended against the national and international interests of socialism. Present trends are expected to be effective in the eighties. In the conditions of our own day intensive contacts must be turned into the major feature of cooperation. Emil Borsi: Chinese foreign policy as reflected by the 12th Congress of the CCP In order to legitimize continuity the 7th Congress (1945) and the first session of the 8th (1956) were evoked; the 9th and the 10th and the i ith in part were rejected. This exemplifies both realistic and contradictory aspects. The 3rd plenary session held in December 1978 was designed as crucial, but the true turn took place in the autumn of 1976. Before the autumn of 1976 destabilisation was the determining factor, after that date stabilisation. The present stage is basically one of stabilisation but the processes are not irreversible. There was no radical change and the transitional character is powerfully present. The Congress reflected this: realistic answers were given to many issues but much was said as well that was contradictory and ambiguous. The theoretical and political position of the Party and country are particularly complex. The Party endeavours to react to multiplying negative phenomena. A pragmatic line is making advances but power relations have not completely shifted. The Congress passed a big power foreign policy concept looking to the Third World for support and based on manoeuvring, pragmatism, the third way, and keeping an equal distance from both systems. Independence was declared central, differing from the policy of quasi-alliance with the imperialist power centres. The causes of the changes are discussed, amongst them the demonstrable oppositions in Chinese—Western relations and the home and foreign side-effects of earlier onesided western orientation. Aspects of Chinese foreign policy that are unambiguously murky are then discussed: what are the genuine priorities, which countries are described as socialist, what precisely is meant by the unification of the homeland and how do they wish to implement the principle of proletarian internationalism. How do they relate to the “three world” theory ? The Japanese and US policy laid down by the Congress are summed up and the contradictory Chinese attitude to the Soviet Union is discussed. There were gestures on the-one hand, such as not mentioning anti Soviet cooperation with capitalist power centres, more favourable statements related to Soviet initiatives, less categorical formulations of the conditions of normalisation, a more moderate tone of voice, a policy of small steps in practice. On the other hand Soviet hegemonism was declared responsible for the state of relations, and the possibility of returning to earlier conditions was preserved. What makes things parAttila Vincke: VI
