Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1979 (6. évfolyam)
1979 / 2. szám - KÖNYVEKRŐL - Hinton, Harold C.: Bevezetés a kínai politikába
it will prove possible to moderate the stop-go cycle in capitalist countries that are the major consumers of raw materials. István Pataki: On Chinese military policy The author argues that militarism and the central role of the armed forces are essential features of Maoism. An account is here given why the Chinese leadership has given a key role to the armed services both in revolutionary change and in power struggles after the People’s Republic of China was proclaimed. In 1958 the Chinese leadership openly broke away from Marxism-Leninism. Military methods came to the fore. A military-bureaucratic dictatorship which survives to our day was established at the time of the Cultural Revolution. The army is gradually being modernized as part of a great-power anti-socialist policy and with the growing support of the capitalist countries. The anti-Marxist policy of the Chinese leadership and the acceleration of rearmament in China are directed against the interests of socialism. This policy created a dangerous Situation towards the end of the 1970s. Aggression against the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, threats against Laos and Kampuchea, and the massing of forces on the Soviet and Mongolian border; produced a serious crisis. A stand against the policy of China has become a matter of great urgency. With this war-like policy and the potentiation of militarism China offers herself up to the imperialist countries, attracting military, economic and other support, at the same time establishing links with extremist imperialist circles. The policy outlined is opposed to China’s real interests. The fraternal socialist countries therefore urge that policy be restrained and pushed back. They are looking for ways of normalizing relations with the Chinese leadership. János Kalanovics: Economic contacts between Hungary and the countries of northern Europe A high degree of specialization forms the basis of the major share of the international division of labour of the industrially developed countries of northern Europe. As a result firms in those countries went beyond national boundaries earlier than in other parts of Europe. The biggest northern companies, especially those based in Sweden, soon switched from the export of capital to that of investment goods, or of direct investment. The process of capital concentration is continuing in the seventies. The troubles of the capitalist world have affected the countries of northern Europe as well. In the seventies the rate of inflation has increased, economic growth has declined, and there are major budgetary deficits. Prospects for 1979 are not particularly good, though the governments concerned express confidence and are on the lookout for ways out. Some look towards the Common Market, others towards EFTA as a remedy, others again urge closer cooperation within the region, and an increasing number wishes to develop relations with the socialist countries. The Common Market occupies first place in the foreign trade of the countries of northern Europe, the remainder of EFTA and the northern region follows. The share of the socialist countries moves between 4 and 5 per cent. The importance of socialist markets has nevertheless grown. This is shored up by trade and economic relations between Finland and the Soviet Union, and a cooperation agreement Finland has concluded with the CMEA. Commercial contacts between the Hungarian People’s Republic and the countries of northern Europe are well established, and have generally developed favourably in the past ten to fifteen years. Relatively long-standing industrial and economic cooperation agreements are typical of Hungarian — Swedish economic relations. Around thirty-five are in force. The 1974 free-trade agreement with Finland increased the importance of commercial relations with that country. The volume of trade significantly grew in the first half of the seventies, this however reflects neither the importance of the relationship, nor its potentialities. Joint action on markets in third countries by Hungarian and Finnish firms is a new and higher form of cooperation. Denmark is a member of the Common Market but signed the minutes concerning the GATT membership of the Hungarian People’s Republic. Implementation would considerably aid bilateral contacts. Potentialities here are also much larger than achievements so far. Trade turnover between Hungary and Norway is unjustifiably modest. Both countries are interested in increasing it. Trade contacts with Iceland are well established but very modest. There is, however, scope for growth. The development of interenational political, economic and technological cooperation is as much in the interests of the countries of northern Europe as of the members of the socialist community. There is thus scope for growth, on the basis of mutual advantage. Hungarian authorities consider the development of trade and commercial relations to be necessary and important. New types of agreements and kinds of cooperation appear to be especially useful. Efforts must be made towards a more considered exploitation of opportunities offered by economic, industrial, scientific and technological agreements; towards an extension of technological and scientific cooperation, as well as the furthering of existing agreements, greater familiarity with each other’s markets, and more circumspect and better planned advertising publicity. vm
