Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1979 (6. évfolyam)
1979 / 2. szám - KÖNYVEKRŐL - Hinton, Harold C.: Bevezetés a kínai politikába
András Balogh: Two decades in the fight for the antiimperialist unity of the non-aligned movement The non-aligned countries are planning to hold their 6th summit meeting in Havanna in September 1979. Public opinion justifiably takes note of this event since the most universal foreign policy endeavours of developing countries, the political weight of which is increasing, are expressed through this movement. The idea of non-alignment is a specific historical growth. Its most general basis and conditions were given by the fact that two qualitatively differing socio-political systems have been coexisting for a long time. Two direct factors contributed to the organization of the movement. One is that towards the end of the 194os a number of people’s democracies took shape in Europe and Asia, and the socialist world system was born. A second and parallel process was the collapse of the colonial system as we then knew it. By the middle fifties populous and large countries had obtained their independence. The logic of these two processes was identical, they were both parts of a world-wide anti-imperialist process, and as such organically connected. The nature of the non-aligned movement is closely related to the way the balance of strength between the two principal powers shaped. The argument that the movement was the child of the peculiar circumstances which prevailed at the time of the cold war cannot be accepted, nor that it was inspired by a fear that recently liberated countries would become mixed up in a new world conflagration. In fact the movement achieved its final form precisely at the time when a lasting power equilibrium between socialism and imperialism was established. Though the movement by definition presupposes the coexistence of socialism and imperialism, this does not mean that an equal distance is kept to both. The article proves by means of an analysis of the relevant documents that, as regards all the basic questions of our time, that is imperialism versus anti-imperialism, and peace versus war, the non-aligned countries are fully committed. Their starting point is that imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism are the chief sources of international tension, and they look on furthering the coming into being of just international relations, based on equality and mutual advantage, as their chief ongoing task. Over almost two decades they have shown that consistent anti-imperialism is the sole basis and aim of unity. For that reason the struggle for unity could never be separated from the defense of those democratic and anti-imperialist principles on which cooperation amongst the former colonies was based. Preparations for the Havanna summit will continue in the months to come. The conference will decide whether it will prove possible to maintain that progressive anti-imperialist and anticolonialist character which is the source of the political and moral respect in which the movement is held. There is no doubt of considerable pressure on the part of the leading capitalist powers and China to create a gap between the non-aligned countries and the other anti-imperialist forces, primarily the socialist countries, their natural allies. The attack against the socialist countries and those member countries of the non-aligned movement that take their cue from socialism goes on under a variety of guises. Some of the member countries join these attacks by wishing to restrict the scope of action of the Coordination Bureau, showing a readiness to exchange anti-imperialism for a vague hostility to power blocks. They ask that the presidential system of the Coordination Bureau be changed, that is they do not want the host country to chair the movement until the next conference. Those particularly damage the effectiveness of united action who create an air of uncertainty concerning the venue of the conference, and its date. A number of countries showing right-wing tendencies, and maintaining close contacts with the West and China, are still carrying out propaganda against Havanna as the venue of the conference. In spite of uncertainties and trouble-making* conditions are present for a stabilization of the movement’s achievements, and progress towards new ones. It is true that participants include countries with widely differing socio-economic systems and levels of development, amongst which there have been a number of serious conflicts. In many respects polarization has increased. Such factors will not, however, necessarily lead to the falling apart of the movement. Heterogeneity and contradictions have been present since its inception. It would be a mistake to show oneself unaware, however, that these contradictions have in no way suppressed that basic and deepening antagonism which objectively determines the relationship between the non-aligned countries and the capitalist world. The participating countries are linked by important and progressive basic principles that are of great value to outside democratic forces as well. It is not negligible that the movement’s growing status also improves the position of individual member countries. Socialist countries look on this movement as a factor in international affairs that is of growing importance, sound and independent. Its basic principles and aims are judged to be identical with, -or close to, their own positions and strategic objectives. VI
