Külpolitika - A Magyar Külügyi Intézet elméleti-politikai folyóirata - 1975 (2. évfolyam)
1975 / 1. szám - A tanulmányok orosz és angol nyelvű tartalmi kivonata
portant task is working out a strategy which wards off crisis symptoms, one which will encourage democratic ways of dealing with the crisis in the non-socialist part of the world economy. A basic condition is a clear and deliberate furthering of economic contacts with the developing world. Gyula Gorm.s k: The Paris agreement and the International Commission of Control and Supervision An analysis of the most important provisions of the Paris agreement and of their implementation. The United States did not fully implement the military arrangements, particularity since it did not put an end to expressly military support of the Saigon government. The Saigon government agreed to maintain the cease-fire and to ensure a firm peace, but nothing was done to implement such principles in practice. As a result of its resistance not one of the agreed political arrangements was carried out nor were means of their implementation discussed by the proper fora The Saigon party failed to do what it should have done to organize control and supervision. It did not allow local military joint commissions to come into being, and put continuous pressure on P. R. G. representatives, limiting their right te free movement. Saigon shows reluctance to discuss those questions which belong within the sphere of competence of the military joint commissions. Thus essential conditions for the activity and cooperation between the local organs of the International Commission and the two-party military joint commission, demanded by the agreement are not present, As a result the International Commission has nos been able to carry out its agreed funbtions for some time. Saigon hinders the normal operation of the local instrumentalities of the International Commission, yet at the same time it demands that the ICCS play the main role in supervising the implementation of the agreement, excluding the two- party military joint commission. The article discusses problems connected with the obligatory unanimity within the ICCS, as well as its structure, the experiences of Hungarian members, and those principles severely accorded with the letter and spirit of the Paris agreement to which Hungarian members strictly adhered throughout. György Haras^/i: Technological progress and international law Two types of problems are here discussed, those connected with changes in the law of the sea, and new norms to govern space. The exploitation of underwater mineral and other resources has thrown doubt on the long established law of the sea.' The continental shelf has become a legal notion as well, and not a mere geographic term. In practice this means an extension of the sovereignty of limitrophe states at the expense of the freedom of the seas. The general recognition of this principle led to certain coastal states less favoured by geology making demands to extend their sovereignity as well. This and the progress made in fishing technologies led to the notion of an economic belt. If this were accepted, coastal states would be ensured the exclusive right of exploiting the biological and mineral resources of the sea and the sea-bottom to a limit of 200 miles from the shore. The possibility that one might exploit resources at a greater depth still led to the demand that the area beyond the 200 mile belt be considered the common heritage of mankind, and that exploitation be to the benefit of the community of nations. The first steps towards the conquest of outer space made it necessary to formulate the appropriate legal norms, though there is certainly no legal vacuum there, since generally valid rules of international law must be applied wherever international legal persons are active. All the same there arc questions that have to be regulated in a concrete way. The 1967 agreement was a major step forward. A number of concisely formulated regulations dealt with the most important legal questions of outer space. Special international agreements dealt with problems of detail such as the rescue of spacemen, the possible damage caused by space-objects, and the proper recording of all objects in outer space. The most urgent tasks ahead are a conclusion of a lunar agreement, and one governing the use of satellites for television purposes while respecting the sovereignty of states, as well as that of telesensitive artificial satellites. Kudo/f Joo: The European Common Market and associated developing countries A five-year association agreement between nine Common Market and forty-six African, CarriVIII
