Hidrológiai Közlöny, 2017 (97. évfolyam)

2017 / 3. szám - MANAGING WATER QUALITY (ONGOING PROJECTS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES) - Rehák, Štefan - Vranovská, Andrea - Adam, Štefan - Kopčová, Ľubica: Hydrological balance of water resources for agriculture in the Slovakian part of the Danube Region

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Hidrológiai Közlöny (Hungarian Journal of Hydrology) 2017. 97. évf. 3. sz.

Table 3. Capacity of water resource in months in 2010 (data are in mfs'1) - reference year / verification year

River Basin

Month

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

Bodrog

26,85

18,71

9,801

0,383

0,196

3,604

6,140

Hron

6,461

6,042

3,072

1,165-1,554

0,961-0,111

Ipel’

0,763

0,110-0,686-0,972-0,792-0,053

0,311

Slaná

1,894

3,496

1,480

0,476

0,221

0,549

0,550

Nitra

2,456

0,575-0,833-1,018-1,453-0,026

0,567

Váh

47,42

17,95

13,64

4,707-2,042

0,529-1,365

Morava

30,99

22,93

9,396

3,022

2,013

5,314

3,219

Danube

888,5

828,4

824,1

890,8

437,5

276,7

13,6

Bodva-0,005

0,339

0,306-0,249-0,299-0,318-0,178

Poprad

5,386

6,261

8,239

3,874

2,923

2,137

1,381

Homád

2,047

3,396

2,024

1,745

1,035

0,126

0,604

Note: Grey field means lack of water resources

Table 4. Capacity of water resource in months in 2030 (data are in m3s~')

River Basin

Month

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

Bodrog

26,56

17,38

7,691-1,166-1,001

3,168

5,928

Hron

5,047

3,980

0,957-0,321-3,040-0,103-0,886

Ipel’

0,206-1,129-2,023-2,050-1,655-0,331

0,203

Slaná

1,475

2,595

0,409-0,425-0,590

0,223

0,415

Nitra

2,294

0,214-1,223-1,332-1,720-0,107

0,551

Váh

45,73

15,31

10,78

1,890-4,015-0,257-1,722

Morava

30,51

22,21

8,566

2,218

1,363

4,997

3,143

Danube

881,8

815,9

811,1

880,3

428,2

272,8

11,2

Note: Grey field means lack of water resources

____________________Table 5. Capacity of water resource in months in 2075 (data are in m3 s'1)

River Basin

Month

April

May

June

July

August

September

October

Bodrog

26,40

16,64

6,538-2,012-1,654

2,929

5,813

Hron

4,242

2,602-0,467-1,190-3,909-0,599-1,126

Ipel’-0,216-2,069-3,036-2,867-2,309-0,543

0,122

Slaná

1,075

1,735-0,614-1,285-1,364-0,088

0,286

Nitra

2,036-0,360-1,841-1,831-2,144-0,236

0,526

Váh

43,66

12,04

7,237-1,571-6,459-1,221-2,151

Morava

29,94

21,33

7,569

1,254

0,582

4,618

3,051

Danube

875,5

804,0

798,4

870,0

419,4

269,4

9,3

Note: Grey field means lack of water resources

DISCUSSION

Currently, the main means of irrigation is spraying (approximately 95%). More progressive irrigation modes are gradually being introduced, e.g. micro-irrigation (approximately 5%). New ways of irrigation and automated irrigation management should increase the effectiveness of irrigation and save irrigation water. This trend in irrigation modernization should continue and the ratio of spraying and micro-irrigation should be 70% to 30% by 2075.

Water can be saved by increasing the qualitative parameters of irrigation, e.g. the degree of stable distribution of irrigation water; increasing the stable distribution

from 50% to 60% in spraying, the most typical irrigation mode, and from 90-96% in the case of micro-irrigation. Saving 40-50% of the available irrigation water volume is a visible contribution to these issues.

For the purpose of affecting the soil water regime, existing drainage systems appear to be very convenient, since besides their primary drainage function, they would have a function of irrigation during the vegetation period. In the areas with suitable location, affected by the delay of drainage outflow or by drainage canals it would be possible to cover 30-50 mm of the total water demand of crops during the vegetation period.