Hidrológiai Közlöny 2002 (82. évfolyam)
3. szám - Havassy András: The seasonal variation of springs in the Tokaj Mountains (A Tokaj-hegységi források évszakos változása)
HAVASSY A.: The seasonal Variation of Springs in the Tokaj Mountains 173 from calcium- magnesium- natrium- sulphate- hydrocarbonate (3 r d month) to calcium- magnesiumnatrium- hydrocarbonate type (7 t h, 10 t h, 12 t h months). The spring has a nature-like stone capture, the water is clear and has rich fauna and flora. The pool is a 80 cm times 40 cm rectangle, which is 15 cm deep and built by large stones. 10. Gábor-spring: (EOV X: 343340, EOV Y: 836280, asl. 230 m) It is protected, because of its characteristic discharge of 12.8 1/min. Its temperature is hardly dependent on meteorological circumstances, the difference between the highest and lowest values is 1.6 °C. The average annual temperature of the water is 7.8 °C, which is the lowest among the measured springs. During the research period the chemical composition of the water changed from calcium- sulphate- hydrocarbonate (3 r d month) to calcium- hydrocarbonate type (10 t h, 12 t h months). The spring has a natural looking stone setting. Owing to the steep slope, the spring water reaches the stream with a flush. The water is oxygen rich and clear. The 5 cm deep, 60 cm times 30 cm rectangle pool is built by stone pieces. The seasonally changing characteristic features of spring waters The most important features of the springs are the quantity and fluctuation of their discharge. These two values can not be characterized together, therefore I used double indexes. The first element of the double index is the specific discharge, an average calculated after leaving the highest and lowest values. This method is suitable for a reliable characterization of statistically scant data. The second element is the fluctuation ratio, where the standard deviation of all data of one spring is compared to the mean of the same data set. We set the mean of this data set as 100 percent. The fluctuation of the different springs can be compared to each other with this statistical process, which makes the fluctuation of different springs relative to each other. I regard spring with high water discharge that has at least 5 1/minute yearly average discharge, because those are protected springs according to the 1996 LUI. Act 23 (2). Based on the above mentioned calculation of fluctuation ratio (fr), the balanced discharge when the fr is smaller than 100, and the unbalanced discharge when the fr is higher than 100. According to the above mentioned two indices I distinguished springs of high-balanced, high-unbalanced, low-balanced and low-unbalanced discharge. Csor It 4 Bone Kid u Kocs Is IspiUty Sinkl Leng Yd som Nyúl Gábo r High, balanced X X High, unbalanced X X X Low, balanced X X X X Low, unbalanced X probably by the extended subsurface recharge area. During the research period, on the basis of the discharge five of the springs can be qualified as protected springs (Figure 1.) Figure 2. a-b shows the measured flow of springs during the study period. The discharge maximum is the result of the melting snow. The subsequent precipitation events just slightly modify the basically even course of the hydrograph. The lowest discharge can be measured before the snow melt, at the end of winter period. By that time, several of the springs with high discharge dry out or its discharge gets significally reduced. Figure 2 a-b demonstrates that insufficient measurements of water flow gives misleading information about the discharge as well as on the protected status of the spring. S 199901. • 1999 03. B 1999 CH. D 1999 06. a 1999 07. B 1999 08. B 1999 10. B1999 11 Csorgó Lengyel Nyúl Fig. 2/a. (2/a. ábra) Flow of the examined protected springs with high discharge (A mért, nagy hozamú, védett források vízjárása) Fig. 1. (1. ábra.) Evaluation of discharge of the examined springs (A vizsgált források vízhozamának értékelése) x = protected spring (* = védett forrás) From the measured springs the ones with low discharge are usually balanced, except from the Ispitály spring, that is uncared. From the ones with high discharge the balanced status of the Csorgó spring can be explained by the upwelling groundwater flow, while in the case of the Nyúl-well Fig. 2/b. (2/b. ábra) Flow of the examined springs with low discharge A mért, kis hozamú források vízjárása I characterized temperature (Figure J) and its change with the average and the extent of fluctuation. According the characterization, if the change in temperature is smaller than 2 °C, it is hardly, if it is between 2-5 °C, to a small extent, and above 5 °C it is to a great extent dependent on meteorological conditions. The average water temperature of the springs is between 7.8°-l 1.8 °C, close to the annual mean air temperature (8-9 °C) of the area. The average of the springs' mean temperatures is 9.3 °C. The changes in the temperature of springs are not related to the fluctuation of discharge. The temperature of the Sinka, Lengyelvályú and Gábor springs shows only a small temperature variation (1.4°-1.6 °C) despite their significant fluctuation in their discharge. In the case of the studied springs the temperature related to the amount of water and to the position of the spring. The water of springs with smaller discharge
