Hidrológiai Közlöny 1989 (69. évfolyam)

3. szám - Varga Csaba: Az ivóvíz azbeszttartalmának higiénés megítéléséről

VARGA CS.: Az ivőviz azbeszttartalma 179 mai availability of benzo(a) pyrene. Biochemistry, 18: 5170—5176 Lalcowicz, J. Ii., Hylden, J. L., 1978. Asbestos-mediated membrane uptake of benzo(a)pyrene observed by fluorescence spectroscopy, Nature, 275: 446—448. Livingston, G. K., Bom, W. N., Morris, M. V., 1980. Asbestos induced sister chromatid exchanges in cultured Chinese hamster ovarian fibroblast cells. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol., 4: 373—382. Longsdon, G. S., Symons, J. M., Sorg, T. J., 1981. Monitoring water filteres for asbestos removal. J

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: 1297—1313. Meyer, E., 1982. Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Asbestfasern in Trinkwasser in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und gesundheitliche Bewertung der Ergebnisse. gwf-wa.sser/abwasser 123, 2: 85—96. Mossman, B. T., Craighead, J. E

., 1981. Mechanisms of asbestos carcinogenesis. Environ. Res. 25: 269—280. Pontefract, R. D., Cunningham, H. M., 1973. Penetration of asbestos through the digestive tract of rats. Nature, 243: 352—353. Price-Jones, M. J., Gubbings, G., Chamberlain, M 1980. The genetic effects of crocidolite asbestos; comparison of chromosomal abnormalities and sister-chromatid exchanges. Mutation Res., 79: 331—336. Reiss, B., Solomon, .S., Tong, Ch., Levenstein, M

., Rosenberg, S. H., Williams, G. M., 1982. Absence of mutagenic activity of three forms of asbestos in liver epithelial cells. Environ. Res. 27, 389—397. Rüdinger, H. W., Kohl, F., Mangels, W., von Wiehert, P., Bartram, C. R., Wähler, W., Passarge, E., 1976. Benzpyrene induces sister chromatid exchanges in cultured human lymphocytes. Nature, 262: 290—292. Sincock, A., Seabright, M

., 1975. Induction of chromosome changes in Chinese hamster cells by exposure to asbestos fibres. Nature, 257, 56—58. Valerio, F., de Ferrari, M., Ottaggio, L., Repetto, E

., Santi, L., 1983. Chromosomal aberrations induced by chrysotile and crocidolite in human lymphocytes in vitro. Mutation Res., 122: 397—402. Varga Cs., 1987. Felszíni vízből előállított ivóvíz genotoxicitás-vizsgálata in vitro SCE ós in vivo kromoszóma-aberrációs teszttel. Magyar Hidrológiai Társaság VII. Országos Vándorgyűlése, Salgótarján, III. Regionális vízművek, MHT, Budapest pp. 197—205. Varga Cs., 1988a. A testvórkromatid-csere (SCE) analízis alkalmazása a vízminősógvizsgálatban. I. rész: Klórozott ivóvíz XAD-frakcióinak vizsgálata humán perifériás limfocita-rendszerben Hidrol. Közi., 68, 4: 230—236. Varga, Cs., 1988b. Chlorinated dringking water XAD isolates do not affect the sister chromatid exchange frequency. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health., 61, 1—2: 147—149. Wigle, D. T

., 1977. Cancer mortality in relation to asbestos in municipal water supplies. Arch. Environ. Health, 32: 185—190 Wigle, D. T., Mao, Y„ Semenciw, R., Smith, M. H., Tojt, P., 1986. Contaminants in drinking water and cancer risks in Canadian cities. Can. J. Publ. Health, 77:335—342. Kézirat beérkezett: 1988. május 26. Átdolgozás beérkezett: 1988. augusztus 5. Közlésre elfogadva: 1988. szeptember 26. On the hygienic significance of asbestos fibres in potable water Varga, Cs. Abstract: Asbestos is a class of naturally occurring fibrous silicates. There are two main groups of asbestos: the serpentines and amphiboles comprising a total of six main types (Fig. 1). Different types also have different physical properties (Fig. 2). Due to the widespread use of asbestos and products containing it, some contamination of the environment has inevitably arisen. There are a number of possible routes by which potable water becomes contaminated with different asbestos fibres. These are: mineral deposits, effluents containing asbestos, air-sedimentation and asbestos-cement pipe usage. Asbestoscement products are made and used throughout the world (Table 1.) both for storing and conveying water. Under certain circumstances agressive waters (soft water with low pH) may cause fibre release from the wall of the pipes (Fig. 3). High levels of fibres have been recorded for different reasons all over the world by a number of studies (Table 2.). It is important to note that the only reliable technique for detecting fibres in drinking water at present is transmission electron microscopy. It has been well known for a long time that occupational asbestos exposure can cause cancer (lung carcinomas; pleural and peritoneal mesotheliomas). In some studies an apparent excess of gastrointestinal cancer has also been reported. Taking into consideration the health effects of inhaled asbestos, the question has been raised whether ingested asbestos could also be carcinogenic. However, neither animal ingestion experiments, nor epidemiological studies have proven this assumption right. The ability of asbestos fibres to induce gene mutations and chromosomal alterations were examined in vitro and in vivo by several authors. Mutagenic activity could not be detected; chromosomal alterations, however, could. Nevertheless, mutagenicity-carcinogenicity data confirm the theory that asbestos can act rather as an epigenic carcinogen. Cocarcinogenic and comutagenic action with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) seems to be a cardinal issue. Synergistic effects in muta- and carcinogenesis have been proven by in vitro, in vivo and epidemiological studies. Since there are several types of PAHs and other organic mutagens in drinking waters (Table 3.), the results mentioned above should not be ignored. Therefore it is indispensable to collect further pieces of information for the estimation of the real health hazard of asbestos occurring in potable waters. asbestos fibres, asbestos-cement pipes, carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, drinking water Szakmai munkásságának összefoglalóját a Hidrol. Közi. 1988/4. számának 236. oldalán közöltük. Keywords: VARGA CSABA