Hidrológiai Közlöny 1989 (69. évfolyam)

3. szám - Gayer József: A korszerű csapadékcsatornázásról

GAYER J.: Csapadíkcsatornázás 141 Búzás, K., 1978. Tározó műtárgyak térfogatának meghatározása egyesített rendszerű és csapadékcsatorna-hálózatokban. Hidrol. Közi. 8:356—367. Dulovics, D., Dudovicsné Dombi M., öllös, G., 1978. A csatornázás korszerű rendszere és kialakításuk szempontjai. Hidrol. Közi. 6:260—267. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), 1981. Storm Water Management Model User's Manual Version III. EPA—

600/2—84—109a Cincinnati, OH. Grau, A., Harms, R. W„ 1986. Die dezentrale Versickerung von Niedersclagsabflüssen. gwf — Wasser/Abwasser, Heft 7. Kozák, M., 1977. A szapad felszínű, nem permanens vízmozgások számítása. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest. Kuichling, E., 1889. The Relation between the Rainfall and the Discharge of Sewers in Populous Districts. Transactions ASCE. 20. Markó, I. (ed.), 1986. Települések csatornázási és vízrendezési zsebkönyve. Műszaki Könyvkiadó, Budapest. Maksimovié, C., Radojkovié, M., 1986. Urban Drainage Catchments. Pergamon Press, Oxford. MI—10—455/4. Belterületi vízrendezés. Záportározók (megjelenés alatt). MI—10—455/2. Belterületi vízrendezés. Csapadékvízelvezető hálózat hidraulikai méretezése (megjelenés alatt). Niemczynowicz, J., 1984. Mathematical Modelling. In: Hogland, W. (ed.) SWMM for the Selection of Stormwater Management methods in semi-arid Climate. Report no. 3082 Lund: 14—25. Townsend, D. R., Wisner, P. E., Moss, D. J., 1980. Inlet Control Devices of Stormwater Catchbasins: A Laboratory Study. Canadian Hydrology Symposium 80, Toronto. Unesco, 1980. Casebook of methods of computation of quantitative changes in the hydrological regime of river basins due to human activities. Paris, Unesco press. Unesco, 1987. Manual on drainage in urbanized areas. Vol. I. Paris, Unesco press. VMS 296—83. Települések csatornázási rendszerei. Wisner, P. E., Kassem, A. M., 1982. Analysis of Dual Drainage System by OTTSWMM, I., nemz. szeminárium a városi csatornázási rendszerekről, Southampton. Wisnovszky I., 1987. Települések csapadékcsatornázása. VMGT 96. sz., VIZDOK, Budapest. Wright

—McLaughlin Engineers, 1968. „Urban Storm Drainage Criteria Manual". Denver, Regional Council if Governments. Yen, B. C., 1987. Urban Drainage Hydraulics and Hydrology: From Art to Science. 4. nemz. városi záporcsatornázási konferencia, Lausanne. Kézirat beérkezett: 1988. október 25. Átdolgozás beérkezett: 1988. december 22. Közlésre elfogadva: 1988. december 31. Modern urban storm drainage Gayer, J. Abstract: Urbanization is a global process and its consequencies for the hydrological cycleand the water management are important. Runoff volumes and peak discharges increase with increased imperviousness (Table 1) and time of concentration is shortened as compared to pre-urban times (Figs. 1 and 2). Urban hydrology and hyraulics have special features (small area, design storm characteristics, time varying parameters, unsteady flow and backwatering in conduits, quality) which have to be considered hwen problems (planning, design and operational) are dealt with. After a short overview of the evolution of urban storm drainage the paper gives a summary of the theoretical background of today's practice (excess rain, overland flow, conduit flow, see Figs. 3 and 4). Due to the complexity of problems and also to high investment costs urban storm water management needs complex measures and up to date techniques in everyday practice, these are as follows. Mathematical modelling is recognized as a beneficial tool in solving problems of the field. Thanks to the widespread use of microcomputers such techniques are available also in Hungary (Fig. 5). To develop, test and verify models field data from experimentál urban catchments are needed. The UDM Data Base gives an invaluable help for this purpose but does not render the necessity of the establishment of new Hungarian experimental areas questionable. The old practice of getting rid of the water as soon as possible is reconsidered and suggestions to replace it with different solutions to reduce peak and volume of rainwater are presented. The abatement measures feasible in urban milieu include upstream and downstream control (Fig. 6). These can be local disposition, flow equalization, in-line and off-line storage along the system or at the outlet (Figs. 7—12). Careful implementation of these techniques can improve also the runoff water quality, however the infiltration of polluted rainwater in a groundwater recharge area is not without hazards. Comparing the advantages and drawbacks of combined and separate sewer systems the first one seems to be more promising taking into account the non-point source pollution of stormwater. however overflows must be minimized bv abatement measures. Dual drainage (Fig. 13) with a ..minor" (underground) system to provide traffic convenience and a ..major" system fguttetrs. creeks, channels! to carry overland flow in excess provide several econnm'c and safety benefits Economic analysis is rarely made before designing drainage n^two^k. Attempts should be made to use this approach and to plan for long term instead of minimizing the investment costs by any means. Real-time control represents a new alternative in minimizing CSOs, making maximum use of storage, and assuring optimal use of all facilities. Keywords: storm drainage, urban hydrology and hydraulics, modelling, runoff control, drainage systems