Hidrológiai Közlöny 1982 (62. évfolyam)

5. szám - Dr. Kovács György: A porózus kőzeg véletlen jellegű szerkezeti változásainak hatása a szennyeződés terjedésére

Dr. Kovács Gy.: A porózus közeg Hidrológiai Közlöny 1982. 5. sz. 207 must always be supplemented by determining the mag­nitude of the probable standard deviation. The relative standard deviation is lowest in the centreline of the plume. Its magnitude here is independent of the dis­tance measured from the centre of pollution and can be calculated with acceptable accuracy from the standard deviation of the size of the structural elements. Although proceeding towards the edges the relative standard deviation tends to increase and becomes increasingly uncertain to determine, the practical sig­nificance thereof is negligible owing to the steep decrease of the expected value. BjiHHHHe cjiyiaiíHbix HepOBHOCTeíi CTpyKTypbi nopHCTbix nopofl Ha pacnpocTpaHeniie 3arpH3HeHHíí d-p Koeai, IJ. HAen-Kopp. AH BHP. 3aflaqen Haujnx HCCJieflOBaHHii ßbino BbiflBJieHHe bjihji­hhh BHyrpeHHHX HeoAHOpOHHOCTett CTpyKTypbi nopncTbix nopoa Ha pacnpocTpaHeHiie 3arpji3HHTejieH b boaobmb­maminHx TOJibmax. Kaic 3to HEMii paHbuie noflTBepw^eHO cnereMa i<a­nnjTHpHbix Tpyß — b KaiecTBe (J)H3HHecKoii MO/jejiH —• npHMeHHMa b nejiax CHMyjiflijHH npoueccoB (JwjibTpanHH ii pacnpocTpaHeHHji 3arpji3HeHHii b nopHCTbix nopo^ax corjiacHo TeopHH MexaHimecKoii «HcnepcHii. ynoMymyTyio MOflenb mo>kho npHcnocoßHTb k peiue­HHK) nOCTaBJieHHOH 3aflaMH TaKHM 06pa30M, MTO HIiaMCTpbl CHCTeMbi KanHJiapHbix TpyßoK no.nßHpaioTC5i cjiyMaÜHO —; B npe«ejiax 3a«aHHoro HHTepBana H3MeHeHHji. Ha no­CTaBJieHHbie Bonpocbi nojiynaeM OTBeT, ecjin b y3JiOBbix TOMKax npeflBapiiTejibHO 3a«aHH0ii chctcmw pacMHTaeiw Hanop h pacoflbi BOflbi Mepe3 Tpyßbi paaHoro anaivieTpa. KaK bhhho, 3a«a»ia cbohhtch k peiueHHio chctcm jiHHeii­Hbix ypaBHeHiiii (npn stom mhcjio ypaBHCHiiii MoweT ßbiTb 3Ha'IIITeJIbHI.IM). Ha ocuoBe BbinojuieHHbix HccjieaoBamiii y^ajiocb ycra­IIOBHTb, MTO B CJIHHHMHblX CJiyMaflX — 113-33 BCpOÍITHOCT­hhx ([uiyKTyanHH b pa3Mepax nop — b onpe^e^eHHbix nyHKTax 3HaMeHne KOHqeHTpauHii mo>kct ciuibHo otjih­laTbCH ot toh MTO pacHHTbiBaeTCH no MOflenH KannjiapHbix Tpyß, ^iiaMeTpbi KOTopbix no^ßiipaioTCji b cootbctctbhh co cpeflHHMii pa3iwepaMn nop. OTKJIOHeHHH e«HHHMHbIX CJiyMaeB OT TCOpeTHMGCKHX bcjihmhh — i<aK 3T0 H cJie«OBaJio o>Kii/iaTb — TeM fiojibme, mcm cTpyKTypHbie 3JieMeHTbi CTpoemifl nuaera — Ka­nnjiapHbie TpyßoMKH, nocTpoeHHbie H3 nopoBbix neno­MeK — npoMBJijnoT ßöjibiuyio H3MeHMHB0CTb, — npn HccjieflOBaHHH ßojibinoro KOJiHMecTBa (JniJibT­pamioHHbix nojieii, Konja CHCTeMbi TpyßoMeK cocTaßjiji­IOTCÍI H3 OflHOrO H TOrO >Ke IMHOJKeCTBa H TOJIbKO HX nOJIO­>KCHHe MeH5ieTC5I CJiyiailHHM 06pa30M, OTHOCHTejIbHO OTaejibHbix y3H0Bbix TOMeK nojiyvaeiw TaKoe mho>kgctbo 3HaqeHHii KOHneHTpaqim, MaTeiwaTHMecKoe o>KH«aHiie KOToporo OTjiHMaeTca ot TeoperawecKH pacMirraHHoro (no iwo.ne.nn, nocTpoeHHOH H3 oflHHaKOBbix TpyßoweK) TOJibKO Ha 3HaneHHe ÄHcnepcmi, cbohctbchhoh ctsthcth­MecKOMy MeTojiy onpeaejieHHa; — MaTeMaTHMecKoe o>KH,maHHe 3HaMeHHii KOHneHTpa­HHH B OJIHOIÍ TOWe npH flOCTaTOMHO ßOJIbHIOM KOJIHMeCTBe BapnaHTOB MoaejiH — KaK 3to oieBHjuio CJie^yeT H3 npe­flbiflymero Te3Hca — He 3aBiicHT ot flnana30Ha H3MeHeHH5i pa3MepoB TpySoqeK, CHMyjinpyiomHx BapbHiipoBaHHe CTpyKTypHbix 3JieMeHT0B nopoflbi, t. e. b KaiecTBe hcxoh. HOrO MO»eM H3ßpaTb JllOßOe MH0>KeCTB0 MHCJieHHblX 3Ha_ neHHH noBepxHocTH Tpyß H pe3yjibTaT — npocTpaHCTBeH­Hoe pacnpejieiieHHe MaTeiwaTHiecKHx o>KnaaHHii- ßyaeT OTPA>KaTb TeopeTH^ecKyio KapTiiHy pacnpeflejieHHH KOH­UEHTPAUHÍI; — TaKHM 06pa30M KOHneHTpaUHK) B paCCMaTpHBaeMOM y3Jie, B03HHKai0inyi0 B pe3ynbTaTe ToieMHoro H nocTOHH­Ho AeflcTByiomero iicToinnKa 3arpji3HeHH5i ciHTaeM Be­POHTHOCTHOH nepeMeHHoW, npimcM noMiuvio MaTeMaTH­MecKoro o>KHflaiiHji STOÍÍ nepeMeHHoii neo6xo«HMO onpe­flejiHTb H ee fliicnepcmo; — HHcnepcn^ HMEET MAKCHMYM B OCH (JIAKEJIA 3arpn3­HeHHH (TO^Hee B^ojib npHMoft, npoxoflflineft Mepe3 HCTOM­HHK 3arpH3HeHim H napajuiejibHoii rjiaBHOMy HanpaB­jieHino n0T0Ka) H CHHWAETCH B SOKOBOM HanpaBjieHim. H3MeHeHiie npHBejteHHOH aiicnepcHH oßpaTnoe, nocKOJib­Ky cHH>KeHHe 3Ha>ieHH5i MaTeMaTHMecKoro oHCHAaHHH nepneHflHKyjijipHO HanpaBjieHHio n0T0i<a Bbime, TOM TO >Ke ÄJIH nncnepcHH; noaTOMy npiiBeaeHHaH «HcnepcHyi B OCH HMeeT MHHHMyM; — 3HaieHHe «HCnepCHH 3aBIICHT OT BepOHTHOCTHOrO pacnpeaejieHHji, xapaKTepii3yiomero pa3Mep nop (B CJIH­3HMecKoií MojjejiH OT 3aBHCiiM0CTeii, onpeflejiejuoiniix KO­JIHMECTBO SJIEMEHTOB TPYSOMEK B saniiCHMOCTH OT flua­MeTpa HJIH nonepeMHoro ceneHHsi Tpyß); —• NPHBEAEHHAJI ANCNEPCHH KOHNEHTPANHH B OCH i|>a­Kejia 3arpH3HeHHii, He 3aBiiciimaji OT paccTOjiHji aop UCHTpa, JIIIHeflHO 33BHCHT OT npiIBGTteHHOH flHCnepCHH, ONHCHBAIOMEH BapbHiipoBanne iiaGopa TpyßoMeK, B Kpaii­HOM cjiyiae coBnaraeT c Hcii HJIH C eö siia'ieiiHeM, yjviHo­>KeHHbiM na 0,7. Haiißojiee BepojiTHoe 3iia iieHHe riojiy­laeTcji npH K03<J)(}»mHeHTe B 0,85; — yßejiHMeHHe npiiBefleHHoii ^HcnepcHH B nanpaBjie­HHH, nepneHflHKyjiHpHOM OCH 38BHCHT OT KBaflpara pac­CTOHHHJI II npaKTHieCKH He 3aBHCHT OT H3MeiIMHB0CTH naRopa TpyßoieK, Hcno/ib3yeMi,ix K nocTpoeHHio nojin (})HJIbTpanHH; — 3Ha«teHHH MaTeManiMecKoro (WH/iaiiHji h «iicnepcHH KOHneiiTpaiuiii npaKTHnecKH ne 3ABHCT>i OT pasMepoB paccMarpijBaeMoro nojix ((iiijibTpanini. TojibKo npii cjiy­iae coBcpuicHHo Majioii ofíjiacni o5napy>KHBajiocb npe­He6pe>KHTejibiio MaJioe CHIIJKCIIHC npuBCfleHHOH «Hcnep­CHH B HenOCpe/lCTBeHHOH 6JIH30CTH IICTOMHHKa 3arpH3He­HHH. 3T0 06bHCHHeTC51 TeM, MTO nOCTOJIHHafl BejlHMima, npennojiaraeMan B^ojib OCH C pa3pbiB0M npHCoeflHiiíieTCíi K HojieBOMy napaMeTpy HCTOMHHIO 3arpji3Henr>i, xo™ Ha caMOM flejie 3fleci> flOJiweH ßbui HMeTb MCCTO paBHo­MepHbiíí nepexofl. TaKoe Manoe pacxowaeHiie npH MajioM qojie II ßojibiuoH npHBe«ENHOIL «HcnepcHH CT3HOBHTC5I oujyTHMbiM. Ha OCHOB3HHH nepeMHCJieHHbix Te3HC0B yBe­pCHHo YTBEPW/IAEM, MTO pacnpeaejieHHe KOHueHTpanHii pac'iiiTanHbix no (|)H3HMecKoil MO«ejiH Kannjijipiibix Tpyß OaHHaKOBOií flJIHHM II OflHHaKOBOH nOBepXHOCTH, C ßOJIb­Uioii TOMHOCTbK) COOTBeTCTByeT fleÜCTBHTCJIbHOMy 3HaMe­HHK) MATEMATIMECKORO OWCHJXAHIIN KOIMCHTPAQHH, (fiopMH­pyiomeMycH noa ÄeftcTBHeM cjiyMaiÍHbix coMeTaHiinsjreMeH­TOB CTpyKTypbi nOpOAbl. OrtHaKO, HEXERN H3 BepOHTHOCT­Horo xapaKTepa STOH nepeMeHHoii He0ßx0flHM0 3AFLABATB H BepojiTHoe 3HAIEHHE ancnepcHH. npHBeaeHHaii «ncnep­CHH HAHMCHBUIAJI B OCH (jiaKejia 3ARPII3HEHHJI. Ee 3Haie­HHe 3fleCb He 3aBHCHT OT paCCTOJIHH5I «0 HCTOMHHKa 3arp­5i3HeHeim h MO>KCT ßbiTb pacMHTana c tomiocTbio, COOT­BeTCTByroineii flHcnepcim sneMeHTOB CTpyKTypbi nopoflbi. npoflBHrancb B BOKOBOM HanpaBJieHHii npHBeaeHHaji flHcnepcHji B03pacTaeT H ee onpeaejieHiie conpji>KeHO yMeHbineHiieM HaiiejKHOCTH, o^HaKo npaKTHMecKoro 3Ha­MeHiiH 3T0 He HMeeT B ciijiy nporpeccHBHoro CHIDKCHH ?! MaTeMaTHMecKoro o>Kii«aHHH.

Next

/
Thumbnails
Contents