Hidrológiai Közlöny 1977 (57. évfolyam)
1. szám - Murawski Tadeusz: A magyar vízminőség-szabályozási UNDP/WHO Project és a WHO Európai Regionális Hivatalának főbb tevékenysége a környezeti szennyezések ellenőrzése terén
10 Hidrológiai Közlöny 1977. 1. sz Murawski Tadeusz: A magyar vízminöségszabályozási UN DP /WHO parian countries and representatives of several international organizations. A detailed plan of work on a descriptive water quality model over this Danube reach of Szob— Budapest is being introduced, with special regard to bio-resistant substances, found to be of significance to both direct and indirect withdrawals for the Budapest water supply, and to the maintenance of a healthy aquatic ecosystem. The detailed plan includes also activities on preliminary studies on pollution from urban storm water runoff covering the Budapest Metropolitan Area. All these works are performed by a team of specialists involved in the dispersion —and descriptive water quality modelling activities for this reach of the Danube, and have made considerable progress. Utilization of Project Results (Follow-up) The project has become a unique opportunity for producing useful outputs —first relating to the Sajó River water quality management plan, secondly to methodology for application in other areas of Hungary —but can also set an example for other countries, and ultimately, in future international co-operation for water quality management in the Danube River Basin. International co-operation on the Danube is vital for Hungary. In terms of ufse, the Danube is the source of water supply for communities and industry, including Budapest (population more than two million), and provides also shoreline and instream recreation. The Hungarian Water Authorities plan to initiate a new project covering the remaining reach of the river Danube in Hungary, from Budapest downstream to the Mohács cross-section (near the Yugoslav boundary), and to request assistance from UNDP for the period 1977—81. This intention when agreed and accepted, would meet not only the needs emerging from a Hungarian national programme on the Danube but might also be a part of future international co-operation for water quality management on the River Danube. The results and experiences achieved in the project now executed "Pilot Zones for Water Quality Management" could obviously serve as a nucleus for the future large-scale project (or projects) in the River Danube Basin. The project will terminate its scientific-technical activities during 1976, and by the end of 1976 the draft of the Agency Terminal Report will be elaborated. The project works will thus be focussed for the remaining period mainly on the so-called qualitative aspects of its activities, i. a. evaluation and interpretation of data collected, their reliability, activities aimed for refining the engineeringeconomic model works on regional planning for water quality management in both Pilot Zones, moreover on evaluation and assessment of the principal findings and results achieved by the project, as well as on drafting recommendations arising from the findings and results, for future implementation and use. This opportunity will be used also to provide the major information on the Long —Term Programme in the field of Environmental Pollution Control of the WHO Regional Office for Europe. 3. The Long-Term Programme in the field of Environmental Pollution Control of the WHO Regional Office for Europe The environmental health problem in the European Region may be classified into two broad categories: the complex environmental pollution problems which arise in the highly industrialized countries and the basic sanitary problems which still exist in the less industrialized areas of the Region. However, owing to the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the developing areas, environmental pollution is the predominant environmental health problem in the Region as a whole. The shortage of adequately trained staff which prevents the development of basic sanitation programmes is usually dealt with by country projects. Although for decades there has been awareness of environmental pollution, only now it is being recognized as a multiphased problem, the control of which requires a comprehensive approach with co-ordinated programmes in the various phases. In Europe, urban industrial areas are spreading across national boundaries, and in some cases are gravitating towards the newly developing economic centres. Thus, the Benelux, the northern French and German industrial areas and the North Bohemia and Upper Silesia areas have now become enormous urban industrial complexes requiring concerted international antipollution programmes. The pollutants discharged into the environment may, by their sheer volume, surpass its capacity to assimilate them, and those originating in one country may influence the environment of another. For example, pollutants from the River Seine have been detected along German and Danish sections of the North Sea coast and considerable amounts of salt are discharged into the Rhine by the riparian countries. In the field of air pollution, it is claimed that in Scandinavia the pH of natural waters is decreasing as a consequence of S0 2 washed out from the air by rain after being carried northwards and northeastwards from the industrial areas of northwestern Europe. Pollution problems may also be created by raw materials, products or technologies that have been imported. Finally, differences in pollution control legislation and regulations tend to affect trade and production and may have a marked influence on national economies. There is an urgent need for international action in order ot develop a common terminology in environmental matters, common standards of quality and methods of analysis, joint monitoring programmes, common concepts of approach and, in some cases, joint international pollution control programmes. The World Health Organization has, since its inception in 1948, recognized the importance of
