Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974 (54. évfolyam)

3-4. szám - Könyvismertetés

Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974. 3—4. sz. 152 increasing significance, especially for crossing highways and other underground ducts. In the paper on the advanced methods of preparing treatment technological designing the authors, Endrey, Mrs. L. Vasvári and T. Tarján express their view that for the successful operation of the contemplated facility the preparation of planning and designing work are of paramount importance, since the errors introduced in this stage of planning are virtually impossible to correct. The authors advocate the preparation of design guideliness, standards and standard designs being considered of inferior importance. The opinion is expressed that when drawing on surface waters, planning preparations should include the information of the public that the quality of surface water differs from that of the groundwater hitherto used. Poor public relations in this respect have caused serious problems in watersupply at Pécs. In connection with water analyses attention is called to the importance of the method and time of sampling. The preferable method of water treatment should be decided upon on the basis of preliminary treatment experiments. A serious shortcoming of current designing practice is the neglect of preliminary experiments primarily in the fields of softening and cooling-water treatment. The process of designing and construction in the realization of water treatment proiects is discussed by A. Pálhidy, G. Nagy and P. Palágyi, who emphasize that the complicated mechanical and electrical equipment and the sophisticated instruments applied at modern water treatment plants call for greater attention to technical preparation and for higher standards in preparation work. It is important that the treatment equipment should be realized by a single principal contractor, who is responsible for the detailed examination of the construction drawings, as well as for coordinating his work with the necessary sub-contractors and the supplier of mechanical equipment. The professional, guiding personnel of the future operating enterprise should be employed alreadv for the construction Period, so that thev gain intimate familiaritv with the nlant. Besides obtaining familiaritv thev have then the opportunity of excescising supervision .regardless of the interests of the investing agencv. or organization. Guidance of pilot operation should be performed together by the designer and the operator. Cooperation of the designer is essential also in preparing the operating instructions. A small water treatment plant used in the German Democratic Republic especially for agricultural operations is described by Mr. V. Zappernick. The filter is used for treating water with a high iron content. A design involving filter candles is used with tanks UP to 400 to 800 mm in diameter. The devices operate automatically without supervision and must be checked only at intervals ranging from 2 to 9 months. They seem economical for capacities lower than 10 cu.m/hour. In his paper Dr. H. J. Walter deals with the realization of the chemically optimum conditions required in the course of flocculation. In this respect it is important to ensure the necessary velocity and retention time. Attention is called to the relevant experiments in the U.S. and in Czechoslovakia. The types and the design of advanced control equipment are examined by E. Szelényi. In the majority of water works in Hungary the solutions encountered are concerned with governing, control systems being less frequently applied. At the major water works, or water works systems partial automation was only adopted thus far. For ease and simplicity of designing installation and maintenance, further to reduce investment costs, standard circuitries for gate valve- and machine control were developed by the Telephone Factory to the specifications of VIZITERV and series production of this logistic unit has been started. Equipment by WSSB (VEB Werk Für Signal- und Sicherungstechnik, Berlin, German Democratic Republic) was also used. The problems of interrelation between sewer network and lifting stations is examined in the paper by L. Pfaff, J. Rauch and P. Palágyi. Dr. S. Herédy and L. Tasfy consider some designing problems in the treatment of industrial wastewaters. On the basis of preliminary investigations and a detailed sempling schedule, laboratory, or pilot plant experiments should be performed for the individual unit operations, once the quantity and quality parameters have been determined for the raw effluents. In the case of trade effluents it is essential to gain familiarity with the manufacturing process, to consider possibilities for the separate, or combined treatment of effluents originating in the individual shops, to explore recycling opportunities, potential uses transformation and disposal of secondary wastes resulting from treatment. Examples are quoted for the treatment of effluents from plating shops, garages and petroleum cracking plants at gas factories. The problems related to sewage from large-scale animal farms are considered by Dr. I. Bartha. To illustrat the order of magnitude of the problem it is pointed out that the sewage load after a head of cattle weighing 500 kg corresponds to that of 92 inhabitants. whereas that after a 100 kg hog amounts, expressed as BOD-. to round 10 per capita equivalents. Considering the envisaged development of livestock the expected polluting effect will be greater than that due to the combined domestic and industrial waste waters. The treatment and disposal of waste waters and liquid manure from large-scale animal breeding raise problems in agronomy, stock-breeding technology biology, chemistry pedoloev. meteorology, human- and animal health, architecture, automation and last but not least, in hydraulics. The importance of sanitary requirements in liouid manure treatment is emphasized, recalling that the germ count in agricultural wastes is round 10 times as high as in domestic sewage. The problems related to the utilization and disposal of liouid manure is dealt with also in the paper by K. Szabó. Primary attention is devoted to the possibilities of, and criteria for. disposal by irrigation. In connection with utilization it became necessary to introduce concepts of novel character, which are contained in the new professional standard specifications compiled recently. In the paper by B. Kardhordó and K. Szabó the designing of an advanced irrigation system is described for growing maize exclusively. The area in question forms part of the State Farm Agárd and of some agricultural operations in the vicinity. In formulating the basic design criteria of the irrigation system the designers have made allowance — among others — for the following requirements: — the liquid manure produced at the animal breeding farms should be utilized by irrigation, and — a solution should be found for the agricultural utilization of industrial and domestic waste waters by irrigation. The paper by Dr. E. Juhász and Cs. Bártfay describes the pattern of the regional sewerage system for the Dunakanyar (Danube Bend) region, with special regard to the situation of resorts around the capital and pollution control in the recipient. The area under consideration is situated to the North of the capital, reaching upstream as far as Esztergom on both sides of the Danube. A source of considerable difficulty in solving the sewage disposal problem is that the area is at the same time the basis for the drinking water supply of the capital. In the area only the towns Vác and Szentendre have advanced treatment plants and connecting sewer networks. Protecting the quality of Danube water upstream of the capital is of paramount public-health importance. With due allowance to the particular geographical