Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974 (54. évfolyam)

3-4. szám - Könyvismertetés

Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974. 3—4. sz. 149 SECTION II. \ New methods in preliminary studies to designing, the role of computers in designing water projects By DR. J. DÉVÉNYI, Civ. Engr. VIZITERV, Budapest At the plenary session of the conference the objectives of water management development in Hungary were outlined. Engineering design is one, and perhaps the most important, decisive step in the realization of these development objectives. Organizational forms, designing methods and computation processes must therefore be developed by which the efficiency of creative engineering work is increased and which permit the available designing capacity to be most rationally utilized in developing the optimal solutions. These are the considerations in the light of which the 19 papers submitted on the subject „engineering design" will be reviewed in a general report. The subjects of the papers may appear at the first glance unrelated to each other, nevertheless in quest of their common features they have been classified, perhaps somewhat arbitrarily, into three broad groups, in order to provide a common, basis for discussing the trends and possibilities of improving engineering design in water management. These groups are as follows: — Analysis of the activities at designing enterprises of water projects, to explore the possibilities and measures for improvement, as regards organization and designing procedures alike. — Improvements in the procedures and methods applied in preliminary studies in engineering designing. — The application of computers in designing water projects. Let us review hereafter the papers submitted in this grouping. The integrated organization of designing water projects has evolved in Hungary during the past decades under the new. socialist social and economic conditions, parallel to the development of the integrated. advanced water management organization, and was thus far capable of meeting the requirements of society in providing the designs of the desired quality and in the required quantity. The new development objectives of water management have promoted, however, the rapid development of designing techniques and called for higher standards in creative designing. For this reason the National Water Authority has decided as early as in 1970 the organization of new designing units, taking at the same time provisions for ensuring coordination between these units, for controlling them and for their technological evolution. The problems arising in connection with these new designing units in the water sector are analysed by J. Szalóki. The existing, large designing enterprises will be relieved by these new designing units of the obligation to design water projects, calling first of all for the more profound knowledge of a limited area. The problems arising from the scattered location of such designing units are considered in detail. In order to meet the demand for information material at such units the introduction of micro-filming is contemplated. In this way standard and typical designs further other publications will be distributed to the remote units. The most important problems in the development of designing enterprises are. according to Gy. Varga, the creation of a computer oriented approach, the wider application of cost-benefit analyses, as well as of network planning techniques. At the same time, the imnortance of technical regulatory publications, advanced libraires of standard designs and of an optimal organizational structure of designing units is emphasized. The designers should be provided with advanced mechanical equipment, the information material should be stored mechanically, readily accessible and distributed in a selective manner. In considering the conditions for realizing the development objectives outlined in the paper it is pointed out as a generally observable fact that in step with advances in technology the share of intellectual work within individual projects tends to increase all over the World. It is thus of considerable economic interest to introduce incentives permitting to increase the time spent on creative designing work, encouraging thus sound engineering and economic solutions for the projects contemplated. By appreciating the role of mechanical computation techniques, of cost-benefit analyses and technical regulatory activity the paper by Gy. Varga is related also to the second group, where the paper by L. Gombás is. to be mentioned first. Therein the role of technical regulation in the designing of water projects is examined. The specification and prescriptions applying to the design, construction and operation of the technological equipment of water projects are contained in the diverse sectorial regulatory publications, the purpose of which is, among others, to promote the realization of development objectives. The increasing development rate in water management, the introduction of new designing and construction methods call for the continuous revision of the existing publications. Incorporation of the latest development achievements in the regulatory publicatonsi whold promote thus the improvement of designing work and of the technica' standard of water projects realized according to these designs. In connection with the problem raised in this paper some remarks seem indicated, to underline the significance thereof. As generally recognized, the specification of the degree, or margin of safety entails appreciable economic consequences. The designer is confronted with this problem in the process of dimensioning, but regardless of the type of structure, the fundamental goal in dimensioning is to establish the capacity of the structure contemplated in space, time and quality to meet the demands at a specified level of orobability. Dimensioning is thus started already with selecting the general principle of solution, and the degree to which the demands are met must be found by careful economic analysis. In designing water projects the demands arise invariably in an interwoven form simultaneously. The coincidence of demands must therefore be allowed for on the basis of the therem of combined distributions in probability theory. The determination of the margin of safety in this manner is first of all a problem of regulation and for dimensioning, which represents one of the most essential parts of designing, it is of fundamental importance. Paramount interests are thus atteched to increasing the extent of regulation in designing, to the preparation of such specifications, which guarantee that the determination of the demands, and the magnitude of diverse efforts to be allowed for in designing water projects, as well as of the regularities governing their coincidence is founded on the statistical orocessing of empirical data. Closelv related to this subject is the paper by Dr. Z. Hankó. in which the relations between hydraulic research and hvdrotechnical designing is examined. Analysing the 95 research projects handled at the Research Institute for Water Resources Development (VITUKT1 during the past 5 years, it is concluded that most of these were directed at the exploration of hydrological and hvdromechanical phenomena, at