Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974 (54. évfolyam)
3-4. szám - Könyvismertetés
Hidrológiai Közlöny 1974. 3—4. sz. 146 nificance. The rapid development of technology, the rational utilization of the labour and manpower reserves of the country has made a novel approacn to the problem necessary. Changes have in tact taiten place in the demands concerning the quality oi labour, as a logical consequence of advances in technology. In the present period the most important source for alleviating the labour shortage problems is the provision of better-trained labour at the earliest possible time. The only way for accomplishing this consists of deliberate education in anticipation of demands and the rational determination for meeting these. These are the aspects under which the paper by S. Nemes must be appreciated in dealing with the methods of perspective planning of labour supply in water management. The objective is to replace the process of manpower education thus far practiced and wrought with a number of unpredictable elements by a system, which is capable of anticipating the technico-economic exigencies and requirement to a higher degree in the water management organization. The analyses performed in the course of this work have directed attention to phenomena not recognized with their full importance in earlier research. These may reveal interrelations in the technico-economic processes by which the present planning methods may be refined and improved. One of these relations appears as the changes in the ratio of productivity to the number of labour employed in the diverse professions. A possibility appears to exist for formulating this technico-economic relation in a mathematical form and for improving thereby the methods of perspective planning and the deliberate supply of manpower requirements alike. Perhaps one of the problems most difficult to formulate and to handle at the present in long-term water management planning in Hungary is dealt with by L. Danicska in his paper on international relations in formulating the perspective objectives in the water management sector. The basic consideration is that in the case of river basins shared by several countries, the effects reaching the main recipient tend to cumulate proceeding downstream towards the estuary as successive tributaries discharge their waters into it. These effects may be classified into quantity and quality effects. Concerning the countries occupying the upstream parts of the catchments the quantity and quality effects appear in a cumulated form at the entrance to the country. As long as the upstream countries are expected to conserve and protect the water resources originating from the common catchment, the same attitude must be adopted towards the countries along sections farther downstream. Attention is called to the fact that a fundamental consideration to be remembered in developing water management in Hungary is to solve the problems arising in this work in cooperation with the countries, observing the principle of comprehensive river basins which form a coherent, integral natural unit. The general report is concludted by stating that economics and specifically hydroeconomics have played an increasingly important role in formulating the long term objectives oi water management development and in elaborating the relevant development plans. As a consequence thereof the standard of planning has improved and the plans of the water management sector are now better coordinated with the plan of the national economy. One of the most outstanding results of the past years has been the completion of the long-term development program of water management, in which the main development trends are established for the period between 1970 and 1985, taking into consideration also even more distant development possibilities. The perspective development program is essentially the basic policy in water management and as such the basis of short- and medium range planning. It has been approved by the Government on the 18th January, 1973. It is emphasized that in accordance with the efforts for the higher rate development of the infrastructure, water management must be advanced at a rate higher than envisaged for the national economy as a whole. Compliance with the government decree is impossible, unless perspective plans meeting the demands of economy are available in water management. The results are of considerable importance even if in some fields the economists engaged in planning have no more than recognized and formulated the problems, without actually having solved them yet. The papers point to the problems and tasks which must be solved and accomplished in order that hydroeconomics may contribute in the future more effectively to perfecting planning work in the water management sector. Contributions to Section I. After the general reports contributions, comments and discussion followed, during which the floor was taken by: Dr. D. Bözsöny Emphasized the importance of the time horizon in water management planning, since the preparation and realization of measures take at least 5 to 15 years, while their effects extend to very long periods. Future demands must therefore be estimated for the longest possible period, possibly 30 to 50 years ahead, in order to identify the tasks of the present. For this purpose it is necessary to develop hydrofuturology, the study of future in its relations to water management, the main subjects of which would include: — studies into the conditions and demands in the more distant future, — exploration of the potential solutions for meeting the demands and realizing projects, — elaboration of forecasting methods for the efficient operation of existing projects. Without futurology und future oriented research no advancement in long-term planning can be expected. A. Vajda (FAO) The three introductury lectures would be of great interest even to foreigners. The Organizing Committee would do well if it had also these three lectures translated. I would have a question concerning the Tisza Valley. We have heard of plain-land reservoirs, minor valley-dam reservoirs, but no mention was made of diverting Danube water into the Tisza River. How far is the use of Danube water in the Tisza Valley contemplated in the long-term plans, with reference to the extension of navigation as far as the Tisza River envisaged after the completion of the Rhine — Main —Danube Canal. Dr. L. Szebényi The completion of the observation network of artesian waters described by L. Tirvol would constitute the third and at the same time last step towards the regular observation of all kinds of subsurface water in Hungary, and towards the continuous measurement of changes therein. The network for groundwater observations has been operated for 40 years, the network for karstic water observations completed in 1968 and
