Hidrológiai Közlöny 1967 (47. évfolyam)

3. szám - Csanády Mihály: Adatok a biológiai szennyvíztisztítók hatásfokának értékeléséhez

148 Hidrológiai Közlöny 1967. 3. sz. Csanády M.: Biológiai szennyvíztisztítók ferenciáján Harrogate-ban. (Benedek P. tanulmány­úti beszámolója, VlTUKI kézirat, 1965.) [4] Tillmans, J.: Die chemische Untersuchung von Wasser und Abwasser. Halle, 1932. 226. [5] Nagy L. Dénes: Szennyvíztisztító berendezések és csatornahálózatok. Budapest, 1959. 48. [6] Haase, L. W.: Deutsche Einheitsverfahren zur Was­ser-, Abwasser- und Sehlammuntersuchung. Wein­heim, 1954, 28., 138. [7] Ohlmüller, W., Spitta, O.: Die Untersuchung und Beurteilung des Wasser und des Abwassers. Berlin, 1931. 58. [8] Standard Methods for the Examination of Water, Sewage and Industrial Wastes. 11. Ed. New York, 1960. 325—26. .QaHHbie K oueHKe KFlfl ÖHOJiorimecKHX OMHCTHblX CTaHUHÍt CTOMHblX BOA Hanadu, M. FLJIH cooTBeTCTByiomero pe>KHMa OIHCTHLIX CTAHIMII CTO^HblX BOA HeOÖXOflHMO npOBeCTH HX CHCTeMaTHMHblX KOHTpoJib. 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H3 COnOCTaBJieHHH COnCOÖHOCTH OIHmeHHblX CTOH­HblX BOA K rHHeHHK) c SaKTepnoJiorHMecKHM Kfln MO>KHO CKa3aTb cjieAyromHe: HerHoiomne oinmeHHbie CTo^Hbie BOAH (oTpmtaTejibHbie npoőbi nocjie 48 iacoB), B MaTeMa­THqeCKOM TOJlbKOBaHHH, Hy>KHbie, HO He AOCTaTOHHbie ycJiOBHa ajih xopomero 6aKTepnojiorHHecKoro Knfl. B cjiynae npocTbix cHCTeiw. paSoTaioiHnx c ai<THBHbiM HJIOM 3TH yCJlOBHH nOKa3bIBaiOTCJI AOCTaTOHHbIMH, noCKOJlbKO B cjiyqae HerHoiomeii npoöbi BO Bcex cjiy^aax (23 cjiyMaa) SaKTepHOJiorH^ecKMH KFIfl CKa3aJioi xoponiHM. 0 HHTpH(J)HKaUHH MO>KHO YCTaHOBHTb HTO A-^H a3p0" TeHKOB (c öonbLUHM HarpyjKeHHeM) H AJifl xopomero 6ai<­TepHOJiorH^ecKoro Kn.Il Hy>KHbie, HO He AOCTaToqHbie YCJ10BH51. B cjiyqae o6opyAOBaHHH, paöoTaiomnx c aKTHB­HHM HJIOM OAHAKO HHTpn(j)HKauH5i oi<a3biBaeTCH xapaKTe­pucTHKOH xopomero 6ai<TepHOJiornnecKoro Knjl,, OAHaKO He HBJIAETCH K 3T0My Hy>KHbiM ycjroBHeM: B cjiy^ae BH­ÍIBJTHeMOH HHTpH({)HKaUHH SaKTepHOJIOrHqeCKHH Kn^ 3flecb BcerAa SbiJi xopouiHM (14 cuyiaa), a c Apyroií CTO­pOHbl B OTCyCTBHH HHTpH(J)HKai(HH TO)Ke MO>KHO H3MepHTb xopoiuHÖ öaKTepHOJiorHiecKHíi KLLFL (B 6 cjiyiaHx). On the interpretation of efficiency in biologieal sewage treatment By Csanády, M. A prerequisite for the satisfactory operation of sewage treatment installations is their regular control and inspection. In this respect considerable improve­ment can be achieved by the coordination of work in the control laboratory with its usually limited facilities and the interpretation of analytical results. Problems arising in connection with interpretation from several aspects are discussed, and relying on extensive practieal experience the role and significance of determining di­verse parameters are described in detail. In deciding upon the performance of biological treatment plánts it is of utmost importance to consi­der variations of the organic content. In this respect both percentage reduction (efficiency) and absolute pollution of treated sewage must be evaluated simul­taneously. It would be misleading however, to regard organic content as the only parameter characterizing the degree of pollution of sewage, this alone being in many instances insufficient indication on the type of sewage. Besides organic content inclusion of digestibility, nitrifieation and bactericlogieal efficiency usually per­mits positive evaluation even on the basis of a small number of samples. Having processed data of 116 efficiency studies for evaluation according to different parameters it was found that in 78% of cases (installations operating per­fectly, or very poorly) interpretation according to dif­ferent aspects yielded fully consistent conclusions. In the remaining 26 cases (22%) the efficiency related to organic content was mostly good, but baeteriological efficiency was poor in all instances. From the 26 cases in 10 one of the chemical parameters was poor and in 13 several of these was unsatisfactory — besides the bacteriological efficiency, and only 3 cases (2.6%) oc­curred where the latter alone was unacceptable. The digestion test by reduction was found, in spite of its simplicity and semi-qualitative character, to be useful method providing valuable information on the nature of sewage. From among the common, readily determined parameters this is the only one cha­racterizing directly the digestibility, the rate of decom­position of sewage. In contrast with the 24 hours speci­fied by the old Hungárián standard, the duration of the test should be extended to 48 hours. From the comparison of digestibility of treated sewage and bacteriological efficiency the following con­clusions can be derived: a negatíve digestion test (after 48 hours) of treated sewage is a necessary, but alone insufficient criterion of good bacteriological efficiency. In the case of installations operating on the activated sludge principle this criterion appears to be satisfactory, since in all of the 23 instances where the digestion test yielded negatíve results the bacteriological efficiency was good. As far as nitrifieation is concerned, it could be established that this presents in the case of trickling filter installations (even at high rates of loading) a necessary, but insufficient criterion for good bacteriolo­gical efficeincy. In activated-sludge installations, on the other hand, it appears to be fairly indicative of good baeteriological efficiency, although it does not seem a necessary criterion of the latter: where nitrifieation was observed in these installations, the bacteriological efficiency was always (14 cases) acceptable, while good bacteriological efficiencies could be observed alsó in the absence of nitrifieation (6 cases).

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