Hidrológiai Közlöny 1965 (45. évfolyam)

10. szám - Csanády Mihály–dr. Gregács Margit: Szennyvízoxidációs tavak

476 Hidrológiai Közlöny 1965. 10. sz. Csanády M.—Gregács M.: Szenny vízoxidációs tavak [18] Myklebust, R. J., Harmston, F. C. : Moaquito production in stabilization ponds. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 34, 302—06 (1962). [19] Porges, R. : Industrial waste stabilization ponds in the United States. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 35, 456—68 (1963). [20] Voege, F. A., Stanley, D. R. : Industrial waste stabilization ponds in Canada. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 35, 1019—24 (1963). [21] Gehm, H. W. : The applieation of stabilization ponds in the purification of pulp a. paper mill wastes. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 35, 1174—80 (1963). [22] Steffen, A. J. : Stabilization ponds for meat packing wastes. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 35, 440—44 (1963). [23] Ling, J. T. : Pilot study of treating chemieal wastes with an aerated lagoon. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 35, 963—72 (1963). [24] Sen, B. P. : Anaerobie digestion of liquid molasses distillery wastes. J. Water Poll. Control Fed. 34, 1015—25 (1962). [25] Tooloose, D. L., Kindrick, W. L., Brown, G. H. : Experienees with oxidation ponds in the treatment of fermentation wastes. Proc. 17th Ind. Waste Conf., Purdue Univ., Ext. Ser. 112, 758—63 (1962). flPy^bl flJlfl OKHCJlEHHfl CTOMHblX BOJJ M. lanadu u dp. Mapeum rpezan B CTaTbe KpaTKO H3.riarai0TCj] BajKHeiiuiHe Bonpocu OMHCTKH CTOMHblX BOfl C nOMOUlbíO OKHCJlHTeJlbHblX npyflOB, 3aTeM jiaeTCH OTMCT 06 HccjieflOBaHHHx npoBeaeHHbix Ha Tpex npyaax B BeHrpnn B ropoae CeKeuii])exepBap CTOMHbie boám nonaaaioT B ecTecTBeHHoe 03ep0 nocjie MexamiMecKoii OMHCTKH 6e3 pa3öaBJieHHH. YKa3aHHoe o3epo 3apocjio TPOCTHMKOM. Ilpn BbIXOfle CTOMHblX BOA C BeJIHMHHOH 0K0J10 2000 JKHTeJieií 3KB./reKTap CTOMHbie BO^bl OMHCTHjlHCb B coOTBeTCTByromeií Mepe B XHMHMCCKOM, őaKTepnojiorHMeCKOM H QHOÜOrHMeCKOM OTHOUieHHHX. OcOÖeHHO ŐJiaronpHHTHbiM 0Ka3aji0Cb SaKTepHOJiorMMecKHií 3(J)(j)eKT : MHCJIO öaKTepHH KOJIH yMeHbuiHJiocb Sojibiue, MeM Ha 4 nopaaKa BCJIHMHH. FIpn yBejiHMeHHH BnycKa CTOMHHX BO/i Ha BejiHMHHy OKOJTO 7300 wcHTejieíí 3KB./reKTap 03epo OKa3aJiocb aHaapoÖHbiM h 3(})(j)eKT OMHCTKH, H3MepeHHbitt paHbuie, 3HaMHTejibH0 yMenbuiHJiCíi (TaGjiHqa 3.). B ropojie fliojia őbijio iiccjieflOBaHO o3epo, npHHHMaiomee rjiaBHbiM 0Öpa30M CTOMHbie BOHM MHCOKOMŐHHaTa. Pa36aBJieHHe HMejio cooTHomeHiie 1 : 1, a noBepxHOCTHoe Harpy>KeHHe 6HJIO OKOJIO 550 >KHTeJieH 3KB./ra. CTOMHbie Boaw B 03epe OMiicTujincb npn SojibiiioM 3i])(J)eKTe OMHCTKH. B 03epe TpOCTHHKOB HeT 11 OHO noflaaeTCH BJIHHHHIO BeTpa. (maÖAUtia 4 u 5). OKOJIO BnaaeHHíi OTjiarajiCH rHiuouinii HJI. 3TO npoiicxoaHJio rjiaBHbiM 06pa30M BCjieflCTBiie HeaocTaTOMHoii MexaHHMecKoií npeaBapHTejlbHOii OMHCTKH. B cejie Ca6aaeflbxa3a BUJIH uccjieziOBaHbi CTOMHbie BOflbi cnHpTOBoro 3aBO«a npn caxapHOM 3aBoae. 03epo 3AeCb C0CT0Í1JI0 H3 3-X HCKV'C C TBeHHblX npyAOB Őe3 TpOCTHHKOB H CJiaŐOKHCJIOTHbie CTOMHbie BOAbl Őe3 pa3ÖABJIEHHSI nonasajiH B Hero c BCJIHMHHOH pacxoaa 15,5 M

3/cyTKH. ripil 3T0M CTOMHbie BOAbl XOpOIUO OMHCTHjlHCb. Coflep>KaHHe opraHHMecKHx BemecTB yMeHbuiHJiocb Ha 90% a MHCJIO KOJIH Ha 99% (maÖAUifa 6). OcTaTOMHOe coaepwcaHHe opraHHMecKHx BemecTB 11 npn STOM oCTajiocb flOBOJIbHO BblCOKHM H3-3a ÖOJlbUIOH nepBOHaMa.lbHOH BejlHMHHbl, OflHaKO H 3T0 CMHTaeTCH 3HaMHTeJIbHbIM pe3yjibTaTOM B cjiyMae CTOMHHX BOA c BHCOKOH KOHUeHTpanHeíí. JleTOM ncnapeHiie Sojibuioii BOAHOÍÍ noBepxHocTH HMeeT TaKyio 3HaMHTenbHyio BejiHMHHy, MTO «a>Ke H OMHineHHbie B 03epe CTOMHbie BOAW He nonaziawT B IipHeMHllK. no PE3YJIBTATA.M HccjieaoBaHiiii MO>KHO YCTAHOBIITB, MTO HCN0JIB30BAHIIE npyAOB H 03ep JXSIH OMHCTKH aoMauiHHX H OpraHHMeCKHX npOMblIHJieHHblX CTOMHblX BOfl HBJineTCH BeCbMa npOCTbIM H 3(|)(j)eKTHBHblM cnocoöoM OMHCTKH. Oxidation Ponds By M. Csanády and Dr. M. Gregács Following a review of the more important problems arising in connection with the treatment of sewage in ponds, the use of oxidation ponds, investigations performed with three such ponds in Hungary are described. At Székesfehérvár domestic sewage is introdueed after mechanical treatment without dilution into a natural laké highly overgrown with reeds. In the case of a loading rate of about 2000 inhabitant-equivalents per hectare satisfactory purification of sewage occurred in the laké from chemieal, bacteriological and biological aspects alike. The bacteriological effect was found especially favourable, inasmueh as the coli count dropped by about 4 orders of magnitude. The laké became anaerobie as the rate of loading was increased to about 7300 inhabitants per hectare and the purification efficiency observed earlier was reduced to fractions of the value (Table 3). A laké handling sewage the bulk of which originated from a meat processing plánt was studied at Gyula. The rate of dilution was 1 : 1 at a surface loading rate of about 550 inhabitant equivalents per hectare. In the laké, which is greatlv exposed to wind and hardly covered with reeds, purification of sewage occurred at a very high efficiency (Tables 4 and 5). Decomposing sludge settled around the inflow, which was found to be the consequence mainly of imperfect mechanical pre treatment. Sewage originating from a distillery processing molasses of a sugár refinery was studied at Szabadegyháza. This effluent was highly polluted and slightly acidic. The pond consisted of three basins, contained no reed growth and was capable of purifying the undiluted sewage with a good efficiency when the Iatter was introdueed at the rate of 15.5 ou.m per day and per hectare. The organie content was reduced by 90 percent, the coli count by 99 percent (Table 6). The organie content remaining in the treated water is still considerable—owing to the very high initial value— but in view of the difficulties arising in connection with the purification of this highly concentrated sewage even this result must be eonsidered good. In the summer period, which is most critical for watercourses, evaporation from the large watersurface is very high so that water treated in the ponds does not reach the recipient. From the results obtained by this study it was eoncluded thet the use of lakes for sewage treatment constitutes — under suitable local circumstances—a simple, efficient and reliable method for the purification of domestic sewage and of industrial wastes polluted by organie substances.