Hidrológiai Közlöny 1959 (39. évfolyam)
1. szám - Lipták Ferenc: Kettős szifon működése
36 Hidrológiai Közlöny 1959. 1. sz. Lipták F.: Kettős szifon .működése ripii ypoBHe 21,4 CM. ECJIH npoflOJiwaeTCH HanojiHeHHe Bojibiuoro pe3epByapa, TO 10 CM-Ban pa3H0CTb ypoBHfl nOCTOHHHO OCTaeTCÍI. Kor^a B MAJIEHBKOM pe3epByape YPOBEHB BOÁM HaCTOJlbKO HH3KHÍÍ, MTO HH5KHHH KOHeU MajieHbKOrO CH<j)OHa HAXO^HTCH IIOA BOAOH He 6onee HÉM 10 CM, Torna npoHCxoflHT TO >ne caMoe flBJieiine, MTO 6MJIO ONNCAHO B npeAbwymeM nyHKTe, HO B03«yx H3 öojibiuoro CN<})0HA y«aJIIITCH Hepe3 MajieHbKiiíi CH({)OH. Koraa HHM<HHH KOHeij Gojibinoro ci«{)OHa HaxofliiTCH CBOÖOAHO, T. e. He norpywaeTwi B BO«y H MaJieHbKHíí pe3epByap HanojiHeH, Tor«a ripw HanojiHeHHH Sojibiuoro pe3epByapa noAHHMaiomHHCfl ypoBeHb BOÁM B SojibiuoM CH(})OHe OAHHaKOBblH C ypOBHeM BOAbI B ÖOJlbllIOM pe3epByape. nponycK BOflbi SojibiuHM CM(})0H0M H3 6ojibiuoro pe3epByapa noKa3aH Ha <j)Hr. JVa 4., B 3ABIICNM0CTN OT BCJIHHHHbl H. nponycKHaji cn0C06H0CTb MajieHbKoro cn<f>0Ha 3aBHCHT OT ypoBHfl BOflbi B MajieHbKOM pe3epByape. 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MccAedoeanuH noKü3aAu, nmo npoeianupoeaHue deoüHoeo cufiona, KÜK o6e3epe^KueameAbHoao oőopydoeamiH ÖAH npepbienoü nodanu xuMimecKüx MamepuaAoe, Mowcem 6bimb cdeAano moAbKO npu öOAbiuoü mufameAbHocmu u c yiemoM MHOZUX (panmopoe : Hy>KH0 npaBiijibHO BbiÖHparb AHaMeTpu SoAbiuoro h MajieHbKoro cmJiOHa, oöe3BpewHBaiomyio >KHAK0CTb, Aajiee Hy>KH0 o6ecneMHTb n0CT0HHH0e C0Aep>KaHHe xHMMMecKOro MaTepnajia B MaJIOM pe3epByape, 3aTeM MTOSH He 3a6MBajincb cH(J)0Hbi II BOAa He 3aMep3Jia B pe3epByapax. On lhe Operation of Double Syphons By F. Lipták It has been found. expedierit to collect and neutralize industrial wastes of different acidity and alkalinity •while still on the premises of the plánt. The neutralizing agent can be added continously or periodically to the sewage. Continuous feeding can be accomplished over an injector electronically controlled by a pH meter responding to variations in the pH value of ineoming sewage. Periodical neutralization of sewage by means of chemicals is commonly accomplished in double collecting tanks. A new solution for the periodical introduction of chemicals is described briefly and illustrated (Fig. 1) in the 1956 edition of „Gas- Wasser-Abwasser". Hydraulic characteristics of the double syphon used for the periodical introduction of chemicals have been studied using clear water at the Laboratory of the I. Institute for Hydraulics, Technical University, Budapest. The equipment used for these investigations, wliich covered two alternatives, is shown in Fig. 2. With the first alternative („A") the larger syphon and the smaller one consisted of 30 mm, respeotively, 7 mm diameter brass pipes, while the syphons used for alternative "B" were made of PVC pipes having internál diameters of 25 and 7,5 mm, respectively. Phenomena observed at the beginning of discharge, during operation and at the interruption of flow through the syphon bave been investigated in detail. When filling the large tank while the small one is full, then the water surface in the large syphon remains below t.hat in the large tank. The first bubble appears at the lower end of tlie large syphon at a difference of 10 cm, which does not occur until the depth in the large tank attains 21,4 cm. The difference in levels of 10 cm remains constant when further water-quantities are admitted intő the large tank. / When the watersurface in the small tank reduces to an extent that the lower end of the small syphon is submerged to a depth smaller than 10 cm, then the process outlined above is reproduced, but the air from the large syphon escapes through the smaller one. When there is no water cover over the lower end of the large syphon, i. e., it is exposed, and the small tank is full, then the rising water surface in the large syphon proceeds parallel to that in the large tank. The discharge from the large tank over the large syphon is plotted against H in Fig. 4. The discharge through the small syphon is controlled by the position of the water level in the small tank. When the small tank is completely replenished, the discharge is almost twice as high as immediately prior to its emptying. Values obtained by the investigation of the two alternatives are to be found compiled in Table 1. When the lower end of the large syphon reaches below the water level in the neutralizing tank, at the moment when the large tank empties, water is drawn into the large syphon, the water column separates and the returning water raises the water level in the large tank to prevent thereby the further entrance of air into the syphon. Water in the two branches of the syphon comes to rest (Fig. 5). Inasmuch as the small tank is replenished, the small syphon continues to discharge even after the large one ceased to do so. The rate of flow through the small syphon decreases gradually and stops altogether when the water level in the small tank has reduced sufficiently so that the verticai difference between the latter and the point of junction of the small and large syphons (denoted in Fig. 5) becomes equal to the height of water column in the large syphon. As revealed by these investigations, much care and the consideration of a multitude of aspects is necessary in designing double syphons as devices for the periodical injection of chemicals at neutralizing plants: the diameters of the small and large syphons, the neutralizing agent should be carefully selected, continuous chemical supply should be ensured to the small tank, the syphons should not become choked and water in the tanks should be protected against freezing.
