Hidrológiai Közlöny 1955 (35. évfolyam)

11-12. szám - Kovács György: Az árhullámok levonulására jellemző hidrológiai mennyiségek meghatározása

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XIJIH Aono-nHeHHH niApaB.nHMecKoro MeTOAa őbijia CAe-nana nonbiTKa HaÜTH TaKyio riiApojiorHHecKy 10 3aBii­cuMocTb, KOTopaH AaeT cBíi3b Me>KAy AByMíi nepeMeH­HblMH, H, TflKHM 0Öpa30M, HX HHCJIO MOJKeT ÓblTb COKpS­meno. B CHCTeMe KOOpAHHaT, Jiaiomeii 3aBHCHMOCTb Me>KAy pacxoAOM H rjiyÓHHOH, 3a B p e M H noAteMa N cna^a NABO/ÍKOBBIX BOJIH Be.IHMHHBI pacxofla H r.nyÖHiibi, CBH3aHiibie Me>KAy coóoií BO BpeMeHH, AaioT xopowo H3BecTnyK> naBOAKOByro neT.nio, npn.neraiomyio K npn ­Boii pacxoaa. Y'iacTOK KpuBoíi, xapaKTepiibiii Í.IA NO^TEMA BOJIHH, HaiHH'AA OT KPHBOH pacxo^a MOHOTOHHMM noAteMOM BHOBB AOÓTHT 6bi KpiiBoii pacxoAS, xapaKTepHOH JU1H YCTAHOBHBUJEROCFL COCTOHHHH, ecjiH 6bi nocjie noateMa He cjie;ioBaji cnaa, a noc.ne Hero BO3HHK.IO 6BI ycTa­HOBHBuieecH ABHweHHe BOflbi. ECJIH 6bi ycTaHOBHBUjeecfl NBHJKEHHE onepeAH .no 6bi cna;i H c.neAOBa.no 6bi 3a HHM, Torsa jíMacroK cnaaa xapakTepn30Ba.ncH öbi TaK>Ke MOHOTOHHOH KpHBOH. PACN J1 aCTbl B3H He, HMei01H.ee MeCTO A.nn BepxHero H iiH>KHero Konua neT.nn riaBOAKOBbix BOJIH, B03HHKAET 3a cneT HaKJiaflKH no^beMa cnaja. CJIE^oBaTeAbno, MO>KHO ycTanoBHTb, MTO OT^ejibno A.HH noAi>eMa H 0TAeAbH0 AAH cna,na B KH>KAOM c.nyMse 3aBHCHM0CTb pacxoAa h r.nyőHHbi MOíKeT óbiTb xapaKTé­pH30B3H3 OAHOH MOHOTOHHOH KpHBOH. CnejiaeM npHŐ.NNHÍEHNE K STHM KPHBHM C napaöoAaMH c .nioóbiMH rioKa3aTejiHMii. YpaBHenne napaőoA B TaKoii CHCTeMe Koop/iHnaT, HaMa .no K0T0pbix corjiacyeTCH c HHWHEFI TOMKOH. nepeceMeHHH napaöo.nbi H KPHBÓH pacxo^a, noateMa őyaeT 1 óm = a 2 (6q) v a jiJISI cna/ia bm = űj (6q) r a(a-/3) -HP 3 + -'2 P- + + LN ( M-JS \ • > " V I—FI ' (H) + A, 'na = Aq A o. 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'3 TiiKwe noc.neayiouiHX noA"beMy : NP 11 HCC.Te^oBaHHH cri3Aa Ha OCHOBC rn;ipojiorHMecKHX AaHHbix BUUIÉYKa3aHHbix- ceqeHHH B KAIECTBE xapaKTep­HOTO noKa3aTejiH óbuio npHHHTO npHfijiiijKeHHoe 3iiaHe­HHe, paBHOe r — 1,5 BMCCTO nepeMeHHoro pscxoA3 BBeaena HOBSH nepe­MeHHaa / AO T FIIÍÍX' 3 m, \ Aq ) r^e z — nepeMeuHbiH pscxo^ ; MI " <7I —NIYÖHHA H pacxoabi; fleftcTBHTejibHbie AJIH HHJKHero yCTŰHOBHBinero,CH COCTOHHHJI, c.ne­ayiomero 3a BOJIHOH ; AWN AIJ—nó.nHoe H3MeHeHH r.lyÖHHbi u pacxo;ia. 3aBHCHM0CTb B wecTe x — 0 Me>KAY nepeMeuHbiMii z H t (BpeMíi) BbipawaeT c.ieayioinee• AH(^<JiepeHUHajii>Hoe YPABHEHHE o. 2 / 3 1 Y (1 + z 2) 3 — -— ( 1 H Cz Cz») 8 wí! 2 ' gmf \ •> 2 / 3 qjfi át Az / 3 1 V • OöpaöoTaB AANNBIE no jiByM CEIENNÜM /fyHaa H AB>:M ce iienH51 M THCCÜ (Ha^bMBpom, CTajiHHBapouj, Flojirap^ H THCcaöe), yc .TaH0B.neH0, MTO noK33aTe.nb napaöojibi, 3aMeuiaiomeH yiacTOK noA^eMa c xopoujHM npnöjin­>K E H H E M MO >KET ÖblTb npiIHHT p 3 B H bl M EAHHHUE : p - 1, • C.ie.TOBaTejIbHO KpHByiO MO>KHO 33MeH H Tb npHMOii. 3TO npe^no^o>KeHHe HMeeT TO npeHMymecTEo, MTO nocjie o6o6mennn ypsBueHnii no^yMseTCsi HHTerpsji, KOTOpblii MO>KeT ÖblTb peHieH B 33M KHy TOM BH/I.e, T3KHM OÖPASOM xofl PACMETOB MOJKHO npoc.neAHTb B . KSJKÍOH OT/ie.TbllOH CT3;TH H. CTaHOBHTCÍI B03M0>KHbIM B CJiyMae noKa3aTejieft, OTAHMHMX OT eünmmbi, — Koraa 3aíaMH M0>KH0 peUJHTb TO^bKO rp3(j)HMeCKH, — onpeflejiaTb HaMajibHbie H rpaniiMHbie ycjioBiia na ocnoBe aHajiorHH. flocjie BbinojiHeHHíi iiHTerpHpoBaHHfl h iio4CT3hobkh npeaejibHbix ycjioBufl /uin xsp3KTepHCTHkh no^teMa no^yMaeTCfl CJie^yiomaH 33BHCHM0CTb : 'á , »\ i + ^A"­2 + --V + A„ A 3 (W —1) H ln (1 +*)>_ (1 B 3T0 >Ke BpeMfl, n pH H HM3H .Iflfl BpeMeHH nOCTOSIDHOe 3H3MeHHe JUIH 3aBHCH MOCTH Me>KAy nepeMeHHblMH X.H z, MoweT fibiTb BbiBeAeno c.ieflyiom,ee AH4x})epeHUHa.nbHoe ypaBHeHH'e : <7i 2 / 3 (l-l- z 3) 3 — ­1­dx 4m 1 gm^ _ _ z_ ; ^ — (1 + Cz") 2 r^e KpoMe y«e H3BecTHbix o6o3naMeHHi"i (j)Hrypnpyioiu,;iH B Y p3BHeHHH Be.THMHHA C — nOCTOHH H3H, 33BHCHUiaH OT pacxoflOB H rjiyöHH, npejniiecTByrouinx H nocjiewyio­LH.HX BOJrne. FLN$ (T ) EP E HH HAJIBHBI E YPABNEHHFI Moryr őbiTb pemenbi rpa^HMecKH, yMHTbiBan iiaMS/ibUbie' H rpsiiHMiibie ycjioBHH, ycTaHoejieHHbie B npouecce npe;ibi­AYMERO MHCJIOBOTO peliieHHH. B npouecce pa3paóoTKH MHCJIOBHX npHMepoB ycTa­HOB.neHO, MTO .naHHbie, onpeaejieiiHbie Ha ocnoBe BbiBe­AeHHbix 3aBHCHM0CTeii, HCKaxíaioTCH npnnHTHeM 6ec­KOHeMho íunpoKoro npsiMoyro^bHoro pyc.na. FIOSTOMY BHpTya.nbHbiii yKJion Ana óu.n pe^yunpoBaH cooTBeT­CTBenHO STOMy. TaKHM 0Öpa30M, B cjiyMae noAteMa c.neayeT npuHHTb npHBe,TeHHoe 3HaMeHne VKJioHa a B c.nyMae >Ke cna^a m.n 2 A q (x—vt) , r/ie n — rH.ipaB.nHMecKHH noKa3aTejib pyc^a. CjieAOBaTe.nbHO, npuBeiieHHbie 33BHCHMOCTH, — peuiHB cucTeMy ypaBnenHÖ, cocToauiyio H3 ypaBHeHHH Depny^jm H ypaBHennü nepa3pbiBH0CTH, — ASIOT MCTOAHi<y onpefle-

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