Hidrológiai Közlöny 1953 (33. évfolyam)

1-2. szám - Kivonatok

76 Kivonatok Hidrológiai Közlöny 33. évf. 1953. 1—2. sz. Kivonatok PE3K)ME — RÉSUMÉ - BRIEF SUMMAIRES — RIASSUNTI — KURZE AUSZÜGE HCCJIEAOBAHHE HEKOTOPbIX BOÜPOCOB THA­PABJ1HKH, CBfl3AHHbIX C THAPOMEXAHH3H­POBAHHOfí BblEMKOÍÍ rPYHTOB A. M a y p e p RHAPOMEXAHH3HPOBAHHAN UBIEMKA rpyHTOB ocymecT­BJIHCTCH _TaKHM 0öpa30M, QTO Mouuian CTpyn BOÁM na­NPABJINETCH npn IIOMOIUH NIAPOMOHHTOPA Ha pa3MbiBaeMbiií rpyHT. YAAPHAA CHJia BOAHHOH cxpyH pa.íMUBaeT rpyHT H Bo^a oöpa3yeT c pa3MbiTbiMM qacniuaMH rpyHTa nyJii.rív, KOTopyio MOJKHO noflaBaTb Ha MCCTO nanbiBa no Kanajiy HJIH WE Tpy­őonpoBOfly. 3ia cHdeMa jeMjiHHbix paöoT HBJiHeTCH caMoii acuieBoií. B rHflp0M0HHT0pe aaBJieHHe BOAbl, noABeACHHoe k TH;i pOMOHHTOpy, npeo5pa3yeTCH B CKOpOCTb. CKOpOCTb Bbipbl BawiueücH H3 rH/ipoMOHHTopa BOAHHOÍÍ CTpyH naflacT ;U> BOJibHO öbicTpo na nyiH qepes Boaayx HJIH boay H3-3A co apoTHBjieHHn OKpywaromeö cpeabi, a raK>Ke BCJieACTBHe rpeHHH. C TOHKH speHHH pa3MbiBa rpyiixa Ba>KHa Ta CKO­pOCTb, C KOTOPOB BOAHH3H CTpyH AOCTHraeT pa3MbIBaeMbIH rpyHT, T. K. HMeHHo 3Ta cKopocTb BHOBb npeoöpa3yeTCH B AASJIEHHE, T. e. CO3AAET yaapnyIO cHJiy, HCOÖXOAHMVKI AJiH pa3pbixjieHH« rpyHTa. AJIH pa3MUBa pa3JMqHoro BHAa rpy HTOB HCOÖXOAHMO HMeTb pa3AHMHoft B€JIHMHHBI yAapHyio cHJiy. JXjih IIHTH KaTeropHií rpy HTOB aBT^p AaeT B cBoefi craTbe 3HaqeHHn conpoTHBJieHHH, 0Ka3bmaeM0r0 rpyirraMH ACÜCTBHIO BOAH­HOÍÍ cTpyn, B NPHBEAEHHOH HM Taöjinue B KT/CM 2. riaAeHHe paöoTOcnocoöHOCTH BOAHHOÍÍ CTpyn npn et ABM)KCHHH B CBO6OAHOM B03Ayxe aBTop paccmaTpHBaeT B CBCTC paöoT H. A- ABepHHa Ha KpiiBoíí pnc. 8 OnbiTbi no HccJieAOBaHHio naAeHHH paöoTocnocoö HOCTH BOAHHOií CTpyH npH ee ABHWeHHH nOA BOAOií IipOBO­AHJiHCb caMHM A- MaypepoM npn noMouui oqeHb iipocTbix cpeACTB, HcnoAb3yji JiaöopaTopHbix uejieií oöwqHyio Kyna.nbHyio BaHHy. Bee oöopy.lOBaiiiie BHAHO Ha pnc. 9, a B 3T0 *e Bpe.usi pe3yjibTaTbi, nojiyiCHHbie STHM MCTOAOM, BHAHH Ha pnc. 10. Ha ocnoBe OIIHTOB aBTop onpeflejineT, MTO pa3BHBae,woe aaBJienHe Ha paccTonnHii 20 CM naaaeT ywe AO 1/10, H n03T0My Bcacbraawiune TOJIOBKH 3e«jiecocoB, paSoTaiouiHX c paipuxjieHHeM rpyma npn IIOMOUIH BOAH­HOÍÍ CTpy, HeoöxoAHivio ycTaHaBjiHBaTb K 3acacbiBaeMOMy yiacTKy rpyHTa, MTOSH iwaKCHMa.nbHoe paccTOHiuie MOKAV HaKOHeMHHKaMH H rpy HTOM ÖblJIO paBHO 5—10 CM llocjie OUCHKH PE3YJIBTAT0B NPOBEAEHHBIX OIIUTOB aBTop ocBeAOMHJicH, íto aHajiorimHue onbiTbi npoBOAHJincb TaK)Ke H B jiaöopaTopH HncTHTyTa BOAHMX cooöiueHHÜ B JleHHHrpaAe, B peayjibTaTe KOTOpbix onpeAeJiHJiH, QTO BOAH­Han CTpyn yTO/imaeTCH B (JiopMC yceqeHHcro KOHyca eiue BO BpeMfl naAeiiHH CKOPOCTH. Pa3Mep yTOJiuieHHH : m = 1/2 ctg a = 3,0. HCXOAH na 3Toro AaHHoro Maypep H npn IIOMOIUH pacieTOB onpeAejiHJi naACHHe AaBJieHHji, pa3EHBaeMoro BOAHHOÜ CTpyeii. Pesy.ibTaTi.i npoBeAeiiHbix HM pacqeToB iipiiBeAenbi B Ta6;i. III. Pe3yjibTaTbi pacqeTOB xoporno corjiacyIOTCH C OnblTHbIMH pesy^bTaTaMH, ÍIpHBeAeHHMMH na PHC. 10. Ü3 pacqeTOB aBTop BHBOAHT eme H TO 3aKJiioqeHHe, QTO HEOÉXOAHMO PAÖOTATB no BO3MO>KHOCTH C BOAHHOÍÍ CTpyeii KAN BO3MO>KHO Gojibiuero ANAMETPA, T. K. anajioriiq­HOÜ CTeneHH 0CAa6jieHHe BOAHHOÍÍ CTpyH B ABA pa3a 6ojib­uiero ANAMETPA nacTynaeT TO^BKO HA B ABA pa3a öojibuieM paCCTOHHHH. rHAPOMEXAHHMECKHE HCC.IEAOBAHH^I 3A nOCJIEÍIHEE AECflTHJlETHE B OBJ1ACTH 3KCnJ10ATAUHH CYAOB A. A JI b M a ui H OnblTHble SyKCHpHble CTaHUHH IipOBOAHJlH B TeqeHHH nocJieAHero AecHTHJieTHH MHoroqncjieHiibie n caMue pa3H0­oGpasHbie onbiTbi. Bo BpeMH HHX samiMajHicb BonpocaMH íjiopMbi cyAHa, cyAOBoro BHHTa, KoiiTp-iipone.'iAepa H onbiT­:iOÍÍ TeXHHKH fiyKCHpOBaHHJI. Bo BpeMH HCCJiCAOBaHHií ycTaHOBJieHO, qro npn CHHwe­BHH UiepeXOBaTOCTH BlieilIHeH nOBepXHOCTH MO>KHO 3HaqH­rejibiio noBbicHTb cKopocTb cyAHa. Haiujio onpeAeJieHiie. qTO BeAHqHHa BOAHOBOrO COnpOTHB^eHHfl M0>KCT ÖblTb HaAeMCHO onptvaejiena TO.ibKO Ha ocnoBe onbiTOB na MOAe­JIHX. npeAMeTOM Hcc.aeAOBanHH fibuio TaKM<e h npHAaHHe COOTBeTCTByiOUieH (|)OpMbI HOCOBOIÍ qaCTH CVflHa. OlIblTbl npOBOAHAHCb TaK>Ke H B OTHOUieHHH OCTOHMHBOCTH CyAOB, CHaŐ5KeHHbix noABHWHbiMH njiaBHHKaMH. YcneuiHyio HCCJie­AOBATEJIBCKYIO paöoTy HPOBOAHJIH TAN>KE H B oöjiacTH Hcc.ieAOiiamifi 3aBHCHMOCTeil MCVK/iy cKüpocibiu BeTpa, BbICOTOH B0.1HIJ H A^IHHOH BOJIHbl. AajIbHefllIIHC OnblTbl IipO­BOAHJlHCb HO HCCAeAOBaHHK) COHpOTHBJieiIHSi, OKa3bIBae­Moro MejIKHMH BOAaMll. BblJIH HCnblTaiIbl MHOTKeCTBO (jiopivi pym c TOQKH 3PEHHH ueAecooöpaanocTH H aKcn^OATAUNOH HHX KaqecTB. B CBH3H c onbiTaMH no HccJieAOBaHHio (|iopM cyAOBoro BHHTa ycneuiHbie HCCJieAOBaHHH np0B0AHJiHCb no npHMe­HeHHio BeAyuiHX KOJICB,, ycTaHOBAemibix Ha axTepuiTcneHb •HJIH >Ke Ha ^űnaCTH BHHTa. MHOM<eCTBO OnWTOB npOBOAH.IHCb, B CBH3H c HCCJieAOBaHHeM yCJIOBHH, CnOCOÖCTBy IOIHHX B03­HHKHOBCHHK) KaBHTaUHH. H3MepeHH» npOH3BOAHJintb B uejiflx onpeAeAeHHSi B3aHMOAefiCTBH5I MOKAV (pOpMOlí Cyjlia H BHHTOM, a TaiOKC AJin onpeAeAeHHH B3aHM0C00TH0iiieHHfi MewAy pe3yAbTa­RAMH H3MepeHHfi npn onbiTax na Moaejrox H na AettcTBHTC.ib Hbix cyAax. nPHBJlHWEHHOE OI1PEAEJ1EHHF. AEBHTA BOAbl KOJIOAUEB no METOAY nOPUIETA lí. 3 o JI JI e p B craTbe paccMaTpiiBaioTCfl pa3pa6oTaHHbie M. Hop­uieTOM npH6jiH>KeHHbie MeTOAW onpeAejieHHfl ;ie5HTa ROAI>i KOAOAUa npn neKOTopoií AaHHoii AenpeccHii, a TaKwe O>KH­AaeMoro MaKCHMajibiioro /icSuTa i<o. rio;iua. A°6HT KOjiOAUa, HJIH 5Ke K03([)(||HUHCH1 (|>HJ7hTpaUHH BOAOIIOCHOrO CJIOH MO>KCT öbiTb onpeAe^eii Ha 0CH0Be jiHMHiirpailíH-CCKOH KpHBoö, nocTpoeHiiofí BO BpeMji onbiTHofi OTKaqKH B TeqeHne HeBojibiucro npo«e»<yTKa BpeMeHH (0,5 1,0 q), a B STO >Ke BpeMH OWHAaeMblfi MaKCHMajIbHblH AGÖHT BOAbl KOAOAHa MOKCT öbiTb onpeAe^eH H3 AHarpaMMbi, ecjin H3RccTHbi BbiuieynoMHHyTbie AaHHbie. PaccMorpeHHHH B CTaTbe MCTOA AaeT 3KOHOMHIO BpeMe­HH, TpeSyeT Heöojibuioe qHCJio pa3JinqHbix npHcnocoÖJieHHH, a. B cjiyqae opHenTHpoBoqHbix rnAP0AcrHqecKiix HccjieAO­BaiiHÜ áaMeuiaeT npoAOAjKHTCJibHbie H TpeSyioiiuie CojibuiHX SATPAT MÉTOA PA3BEAKH npn IIOMOIUH Ha5jiio,ICHHH c npoó­HOÜ paÖOTOil HaCOCOB, H nOSTOMy HBJlHeTCH B XOSHVÍCTBeH­HOM OTHOUieHHH BblTOAHlJM. PaccMaTpuBaeMbiü MeTOA MOweT öbiTb yenemno npn­MeneH KaK AJIH HccAeAOBaHHH AeöHTa BOAU ywe HaxoAH­UIHXCH B 3KCnJ10aTaiIHH KOJIOAUeB, TaK H AJIH THAPOJlOrH­qecKoii pa3BeAKH 6ojibiuHx TeppHTopHH B CAyqae ec.iH HCCJieAOBaHHH npOBOAHTCH B CKBaWHHaX.

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