Hidrológiai Közlöny 1952 (32. évfolyam)

11-12. szám - Kivonatok

Hidrológiai Közlöny .'32. évi. 1952. 11 -12. sz. 42H PE3FOME Kivonatok RÉSUMÉ — BRIEF SUMMÁIRES — RIASSUNTI KURZE AUSZÜGE A. K x a (|) a r H : ABA HOBblX MECTHblX CnOCOBA J\JW OnPE,flE­J1EHHH K03<t><t>HUHEHTA OHJlbTPALlHH TPYHTA Ko3(J)(J)HUHeHT (|)HjibTpamni rpyHTa onpeAeJieH Hccjie­aOBaie.lbCKHM HHCTHTytOM rpyHTOB B jiaőopaTopHbix YCJIOBHHX npH IIOMOIUH Hcc^eflOBaHHÖ, npoBefleHHbix Ha o6pa3uax rpyHTOB napajuiejibHo c HCCJieAOBaHHHMH, np0H3­BeffeHHWMH Ha MecTe. Hcc^e«oBaHHH Ha Mecxe np0H3B0AHTCH npH n0M0u»t ApeHawHoií Tpy6bi c BHyipeuHHM AHaMeTpoM paBHbiM 3,0 3,50 CM, H3 KOTopott B cjiy Mae oAHopoflHoro rpyHxa BOfla BbneKaer Ha yqacTKe AJTKHOÍÍ 4,00 CM, a B cjiyqae HEOFLHOPOAHORO RPYHTA — HA yqacTKe AJIHHOÍÍ 90 CM. K BepxHeMy 0Tpe3y Tpy6bi npHKpenjiHiOT CTeKJiHHHVio Tpyöny co uiKajioíi, HMeiomeö AHaMeTp, cooTBeTCTBy IOUIHÍÍ npoca­MHBaeMOCTH rpyHia. OreKjiHHHaH Tpyöka HariojiHHeTCfl BOflOÖ H CKOpOCTb IipOCaqHBaHHH BOAbi B rpyHT H3MepHCTCH npn noMOiun ceKyHAOMepa. Eojibuioe npHeMymecTBo ncn0Jib30BaHHH ApeHawHoií rpy6w 3aK^ioqaeTCH B TOM, wto npnöop MoweT öbiTb H3ro­TOBJieH npocTbiM cnocoöoM, no CTOHMOCTH He BejiHK, jierKO TpaHcnopTHpyeTCH H o6cJiy>KHBaHHe npHöopa He HBJiHeTCíi TpyAHbiM. ILPH IIOMOIUH 3Toro npHöopa, 6e3 öypeHHH WJIH )Ke 6e3 HCCJieAOBaHHH COCTaBa 3epHHCT0CTH, MOWeT ÖblTI. onpeAeJieH K03(])(|)HUHeHT itiHJibTpauHH rpyHTa. Jlacjio TajiJiH: 3AKOHOMEPHOCTb CTABHJlbHOCTH BblCOKHX EEPErOB AYHAfl H EAJIATOHA B CTaTbe pe3K>MnpyioTCH H CHCteMaTH3HpyiOTCH paa­JiHHHoro poAa ABH>KeHHH 3eMJiH. IlocJie qero pa3ÖHpaeTC5i Bonpoc 06uiHX 3aK0H0MepH0CTeH CJIO)KHbIX ABH>KeHHÜ BbicoKHX 6eperoB JlyHaji H EajiaTOHa. CTOHiuaH OTAeJibno OTBecHan BbicoKan CTeHa BUCU­xaeT H Ha nett noHBjiHioTCH OTBecHoro HanpaBJieHHH Tpe­uiHHbi, nocjie qero OSJIOMKH naAaiOT K noAHo>KHIO CTeHbi. B TOM cjiyqae, KorAa rpyHTOBbie BOÁM B MCCTHOCTH, Jiewa­mefi BAajiH OT 6epera, BMXOAHT Ha NOBEPXHOCTB y noA­iiowbH CTeHbi B BHAe HCTOMHHKOB, TorAa OÖJIOMKH nperpa­WAaiOT nyTb TeqeHHH BOÁN, H STHM iiOAHHMaiOT ypoBem, BOAbi, BCJieACTBHH qero BnHTblBaiOT BOAy. FloCJie AOCTH­>KCHHH HeKOTOpOrO yKJIOHa HaMHHaeTCH ABH>KeHHe. Ha B03HHKH0BenHHe SToro OÖBAJIA BJIHHCT He TO.ibKO CTeneHb BnHTbiBaiiHíi BOAH, HO H KpyTH3Ha yKJioHa, co­3AaHHoro oöpymaiomHMHCH oöjioMKaMH. A STO noc.ieAHee 3ABNCHT y 6eperoB TAIOKE H OT AByx BHCUIHHX <])aKTOpoB, T. e. OT pa3puBa OTAEJIBHO CTOHiueií CTeHbi H OT pa3MbiBa NOAHOWBH YKJIOHA. CjieAOBaTe^bHo, npn oöBajie HaBaJiHBuierocn OÖJIO­MOHHoro yKJioHa BMCOKHX öeperoB HrpaiOT pojib TPH <l>aK­TOpa. nOCTOHHHOe H3MeHeHHe 3THX Tpex (|>at(TOpOB HBJIFL­eTCH npHMHHofi Toro, 4TO öepera HaxoAHTCH B HOCTOHH­HOM ABH>KCHHH. B CJiyMae OTCyTCTBHH OAHOrO 113 3THX (])aK­Topon, óeper qepe3 HeKOTopoe Bpe.wH npeo6pa3yeTcn B ecTCCTBeHHbiíl cnoKoJÍHbifi öyrpHCTbiií yKiioH. ÜJIH npeAOTBpameHHH ABH»eHHH HMeeTCfl TPH cno­coóa. npeAOTBpauieHHe paapiiina OTAeJibHO CTCmmero öepera, nyTeM cpe3aHHH 6epera, 3auiHTa n0AH0)KbH yKJioHa OT pas­Mbisa H ocyuieHHe yKJiona. CpeAH nepemiCJieHHbix Tpex B03M0>KH0CTeft Ha Ka»AOM ynacTKe öepera HCOÖXOAHMO H3ÖpaTb C SKOHOMHMeCKOH TOMKH 3peHH« HaHÖO^ee IIOA" XOAHUIHÖ BapHaHT. IlpH noMoum cbeMKH xapaKTepHbix nonepeqHbix npo­ifiHJieö H npH noMouiH cieMKH oiepqeHHbiximocKOCTefi cKojib­>KeHHH, nocTpoeuHbix B pa3pe3e c yBJiawHeiiHeM AO pa3­JIHHHblX OTMeTOK, MO>KHO, AO Haqa.ia AeTa^bHblX BCKpU­THÜ, C03AATB KAPTHHY o 6E30NACH0CTH, CTOHKOCTH pa;ij'iHM­HblX yqaCTKOB yKJIOHa H 0 BepOHTHOM, C SKOHOMHqeCKOií ToqKH 3peHHH HanSoJiee noAXOAHiueM MeTOAe c03AaHH« 5e30iiacHocTH. /leTajibHasi paspaöOTKa mo>kct öblTb Haqata T3K>Ke H Ha OCHOBe 3T0Ü KapTHHbl. ííeHe AOMÜU: BblCTyílJIEHHE no ^OKJlA^y o HPOBJ1EMAX BblCOKHX EEPErOB 03EPA EAJIATOH B CBH3H c HccjieAOBaHHeM bucokhx öeperoB peKH .Hyuan 6u,io ycTaHOBJieHO, qTO npH ckojimkchhh BbicoKoro 6epera nrpaeT öo^buiyio pojib BOAa, HaxoAHmancH noA AaBJieHHeM Me>KAy cjiohmh nopoA. Ec^h írneeT MecTO npHcyTCTBHe BOAbi, HaxoAHmeftcH noA AaBjieHHe.M, TorAa noBepxHOCTb cKojib>KeHHH pacTHTHBaeTCH He Ayr0ü6pa3H0, a npoAOJibHo Ha rpaHHue HJia hjth n<e cjioh necna, coaep>Kaiuero BOAy iioa AasjieHHeM, h 3aKpbiBaeMbix cJioeM rjiHHu. B CTaTbe IipHBOAHTCH npHqHHbl STHX HB^eHHÜ c TOÍKH speHHH MexaHHKH rpyHTOB. B CBH3H c onoji3HnMH y Eajia­TOHa npeAJiaraeT, qTOöbi npHHHTb bo BHHMaHHe thiiw 0n0ji3H0BeHHH, onpeAeJieHHbix npH Hcc.neaoBaHHH bucokhx öeperoB flyHan, TeM 6ojiee, qTO ApnaA Ke3AH, Ha OCHOBe HccjieAOBaHHÜ pa3BeAKH rpyHTOB, KBajiHíjmuHpyeT onoji­3H0BCHHH Me>KAy Ea.'iaTOH KeHe h UInoijjoK b 3Ty >Ke rpynny 0n0^3H0BeHHÖ. IIIocceiÍHaH Aopora h no^OTHo >Ke^e3Hoil AOporH flo^­>kho pacnojiaraTbca B03Jie 6epera EajiaTOHa Ha TaKOM pac­ctohhhh,qToöbi HaHÖOJiee B03M0»H0e ono;i3HoneHHe He MorJio naTpoHyTb CTaöMJibHOCTH hx. Hacbinb, co3AaHHan ajih npe­AOXpaHeHHÍI B03AeÜCTBHH BOJIH H JlbAa, MOJKeT CqHTaTbCJI pa3pemeHH0ií. HaKOHeu, aBTop npeA-iaraeT coSpaTb HayqHbie Aaniiwe Ha OCHOBe 06cT0HTe^bHbix Ha6jiioAeiiHÍí HCC^eAOBaTejibCKott ceTH TeppHTOpHft 0n0Ji3H0BCHHií npn noMouiH ceTH penepoB h kojioaucb no onpeAeJieHHio ypoBHs rpyHTOBbix boa. Ap. A ji b (J) p e a 3 a x : CnEUHA^bHblE METEOPOJlOrHMECKHE H KJ1HMATHMECKHE YCJIOBHJ1 HA 03EPE EAJIATOH 03epo Ea^aTOH no cBoeMy reorpaipnqecKOMy pacno^o­>KeHHio oö^aAaeT cneuHajibHbiMH MeTeopo^ornqecKHMH h KJiHMaTHqecKHMH ycjioBHHMH. Me>KAy ero aanaAUbi.vni h BOCTOqHbIMH qaCTHMH MO>KHO HaŐJIIOAaTb AOBOJIbHO 3HaqH­TeJibHtie pa3HHUbi b K.iHMaTe. Erő 3anaAHan qacTb HMeeT 3HaqHTejibHO 6ojiee HH3Ky 10 cpeAHioio TeMnepaTypy, HMeeT ropa3AO 6ojibiuee K0JiHqecTB0 BeTpoB, HMeeT T0pa3A0 Sojib­rne oő^aqHocTeií, ocaAKOB h Meiibuie co^HeqHbix AHeft, qeM ero BocToquaH qacTb. B ocoSchhocth BeTpOBbie yc^oBHíi nopo>KAaiOT conep­uieiiHO cneunajibHbie rHApoMeTeopo.iornqecKHe y cjiobhh na 03epe EajiaTOH. TocnoACTBy ioiuhíí ceBepiibiií BeTep (Hopa), KOTopuíí nepeBa.TOBaji qepe3 öaKOHbCKHe ropu, noHB­jineTCH Ha 03epe h npHJie>i<auiiix k 03epy MeCTH0CTHX, Kan CHHCXOAflmHÜ BHXpeBOÍi BeTep C HBJleHHHMH cyxoBes. BBiiAy Toro, qTO EajiaTOH HMeeT HerAyBonyio BOAy, oh ÖblCTpO H HHTeHCIlBHO IiarpeBaeTCH, TaKHM 0Öpa30M BH­xpeBoií BeTep, nepeBajiHBaiomHfi qepe3 ropw EaKOHb, oqeHb jierno co3AaeT bo^hh na 03epe. 3to sbjihctch nanöojiee HHTepecHbiM cboííctbom 03epa EajiaTOH h hb^hctch npnqH­HOH B03HHKH0BeHHH MHOrHX npOqHX JIB^eHHÖ. ECJIH CHH­cxoAHiiiHft n0T0K BeTpa AOCTuraeT HeKOTopoií onpeAeJieH­HOfl BejIHqHHW, TO HBJlHeTCH npHqHHOÍÍ BHe3anH0 B03HH­KaiomHX 6ypb. B TeqeHHH oahoü MHHyTti H3 6e3BCTpHn M0M<eT B03HHKHyTb cKopocTb BeTpa, AOCTHraioiuan 30 H B HeKOTOpbix cjiyqanx Aa»e ao 40 MeTpoB b cenyHAy. B HeKOTOpbix cjiyqajix npnqHHoií bo3Hhkhobchhh HBjieHHH Miipa>Ka Ha ÉajiaTOne, HBjineTCH öajiaTOHCKHÜ BeTep, HMeioiuHií xapaKTep cyxoBan. OqeHb peAKHM, ho BCTpeqaiouiHMCH HBJieHHeM hbjihctch BOASnan BopoHKa. TaK)Ke K HBJleHHH), B03HHKaK)UieMy OT AeflTeJIbHOCTH BeTpa, OTHOCHTCH H KO^eŐaHHH ypOBHH BOAbi.

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