Hidrológiai Közlöny 1952 (32. évfolyam)

3-4. szám - Kivonatok

156 Kivonatok Kivonatok PE3HDME — RÉSUMÉ — BRIEF SUMMAIRES — RIASSUNTI — KURZE AUSZÜGE JI-p 3. MOWOHH : COBPEMEHHblE 3AflAqH TH/IP03HEPrETHqECK0r0 X03AÍÍCTBA BEHTPHH (MaiepHajibiibie H SHepreTHqecKHe Bonpocu BenrepcKoíí IIHTHJI€TKH). ByflaneuiT, 1950. ABTOP NPEWFLE Bcero YKA3BIBAET na TO, MTO B0«A B npoTHBonoJlOHCHOCTb flpyrmw oneproHocuaM (yrojib, flpoBa, HeiJiTb) npeflCTaBjiHeT co6ofi ÜOCTOHHHO pereHepHpyroiimecH 3anacw SHeprHH. Il03T0My Bonpocbi rHAposHepreTHqecKoro X03HÍÍCTBa H npHMeHeHHe BOAHOÍÍ 3HeprHH AOJI>KHbI HMeTb y Hac CTOJib »e ueHTpajibHoe 3HaqeHHe, KaK H B Apy THX CTpa­Hax, B MacTHOCTH B CCCP, rfle noJinwM XOAOM npofloji­>KaiOTCH nocTpoftKH rnraHTCKHX T3C B Kyft6bimeBe H CIAJIHHRPAAE. C qHCTO TeopHTHqecKofi TO^Ka 3peHHH, pecypcw BO,t HOFT SHeprHH BeHrpHH AOBOJIbHO 3HaMHTejlbHbI. HlweH B BHfly nocTynjieHHH BOA, He cna/ja IOIIIHX AO 50%, OHH cocia­BJ1H10T 1 MHJIJIHOH KBT, T. e. 7,3 MHJIJIHapAOB KB-q. ílpeo­öjiaflawma;! sacib (npHÖJi. 3/4) HX AocTaBjiHeTcn penaMH .QyHaeiw H THCCOH, a oCTajibHaH -— Apyrn«H peKaiHH CTpaHH. HecMOTpH Ha TO, ITO ueHHOCTb 3THX 3anacoB npeBbi­maeT cpeAHHíí eBponeiicKHft ypoBeHb H AocTHraioT 150% BCeMHpHOft UeHHOCTH, OHH He MOTyT CblTb • 3a<lHCJieHH B KaieropHio BecbMa ueHHbix pecypcoB, Tan KaK BO3MO>K­HOCTH HCn0JIb30BaHHH HX — BCJieACTBHe He6ojibuioíí nOKa­TOCTH AOHbeB — He BecbMa 3naqHTejibnbi. HcnoJib3yembie pecypcbi BOAHOÍÍ SHEPRHH CTpaHbi MoryT OCCTABJIHTB 2 MHJI­JINAPAA KB-q B TOA (3HamT, HMH MOKHO cb3K0H0MHTb e»e­TOAHO 2—2,5 MHAJiHOHa T. AO6POKAQECTBEHHORO Syporo yrJia). Bcjie,ncTBne BbiuieHa3BaHHoro CB0ÖCTBa AeHbeB H HeBbiroAHoro pacnojioweHHH ajuiWBHaJibHbix cjioeB 3a­npy»HBaTb peKH B BeHrpHH B 3HaiHTejibHofí Mepe HeB03­MOWHO. MOKHO C03AaTb TOJibKO peqHbie T3C c nefíojib­IBHMH B0A03arpaAHTe.1bHbIMH njIOTHHaMH, npH nOMOmH KOTOpbix ne.ib3H AOCTHrayTb «a»e H ypoBHH pa3JiHBa peKH. ToJibKo Ha yqacree p. JlyHan, jie»anieM y BbimerpaAa, 1WOWHO nOAHHTbCH AO STOrO y pOBHH. IIpH 3T0M npOH3BOAH­TejibHan AeHTejibHOCTb co3AaBaeMbix T3C He MOJKCT Bbiib SecnpepbiBHOÍi: nepeőon B NP0H3B0ACTBE SHeprHH — BCJie/I­CTBHe HEAOCTATOIHORO 3anpy >KHB3HHH — HeH35e>KHBI. 3TH HeAOCTaTKH OTíaCTKH HeHTpa JIH3y K)TCH OÖHJIHeiVt BOA 6ojibuiHX BeHrepcKHX peK, B nepByw oqepeAb Jlynan H THCCM, a KOJiefianHH, Bbi3BaHHbie nepeőoHMH np0H3B0A­CTBa, MoryT 6bnb KOMneHCHpoBaHbt ajieKTposHepraeií, npo­HCXOAHmett H3 APyrHX HCTOMHHKOB. ITocjieAHHe He MoryT SbiTb ynymeHbr H3 BHAy Aa»e npH nojraefimeM ncn0Jib30­BaHHH BOAHbix aneprHii, TaK KaK Bee C03AaBaeiwwe T3C MoryT nOKpb'Tb TOJibKO 4/5 nOTpefÍHOCTH CTpaHBI B 3JieKTp03HeprHH. Hajnnae TecHHHM y BbimerpaAa oqeHb npnroAHO AJin co3AaHHH rHApaBAHqecKoft T3C, TaK KaK Ha STOM yqacTKe noKaTOCTb AHa p. JFYHAN AOXOAHT AO 350 M. Hcn0Jib30BaHne STOÍÍ BO3MO>KHOCTH npHypoqeHO K caMbiM BA>KHbiM 3aAa-qaM coBpeMeHHoro, aKOHOMHoro 3Heproxo3HficTBa BeHrpHH. np0H3B0AHMaH SHeprHH MO)KeT ftbTTb FipHMeHHMa B CTOJIHHe, Ae>Kamett OTTyAa Ha He6ojii>moM paccTOHHHH. * NPH pa3pa6oTKe nJiaHOB AJTH aKcnJiyaiaiiHH BOAHOÖ 3HeprHH He.ib3H ynycKaTb H3 BHAy KoiwnjieKCHbie MeTOAM Hcn0Ab30BaHHH, CTOJib ycneuiHO NPAKTHKYIOINNECH B COBCT­CKOM COK)3e H IIOMHMO npOH3BOACTBa 3JieKTpHqeCTBa HaAO 03a60THTbCH H 0 npHMeHeHHH HX fl-TO paCIUHpeHHH OpOCH­Te.ibHbix cHCTeM H paMOK peqHoro napoxoACTBa. * NOAOŐHYIO T3C MQ>KHO co3AaTb HaA cc. Taxn H JleaHb^ajiy c Hcn0Jib30BaHHeM noKaToc™ AHa JXymft, AOCTHraromeíí 400—450 M. ÜJIH ropOAOB MnaiKOJibu H J\E6­penen TaK>Ke cymecTByeT noAoCnaH B03ivi0>KH0CTb-: co3Aa­HHeM T3C Ha pene Tncce, B OKPCCTHOCTKX ToKan, MO>KHO őbijio 6bi Hcn0Jib30BaTb noKaTOCTb, coCTaRjiHKimyKI 330— 350 M Ha cpaBHHTejibHO HeöoJibuioM yqaCTKe. PeA. ABTOP npHBOAHT H HeKOTopue AaHHbie, OTHOCHUIHCCH K a.MOpiH.iaUHH KanHTajIOBJIOJKeHHÜ, HeOÖXOAHlWblX AAH co3AaHHH T3C. CqHTan 30—50 jieT Ha nojiHbiíi B03BpaT BJIO­wenHoro KanHTajia, aMopTHsauHH 6yAeT cocTaBJiHTb npeA­nojio>KHTejibHO 2—3,3% B TOA. JI.IH ToqHoro onpe^ejieHHH aM0pTH3ailHH, paBHO KaK H paCXOAOB no np0H3B0ACTBy H coAepHOHHW, HaAO npoBecTH eme AaJibHefiuiHe KajibKy­JIHUHH. B 3T0M OTHOUieHHH MO>KHO COCJiaTbCH Ha HCCJieAO" BaHHH npoijteccopa 3ojioTapeBa, no KOTOpbiM Bee pacxoAH C03AaBaeMbix T3C cocTaB.iHioT eweroAHO ao 3,5—6% KanH­Ta^onjiojKeiiHft. TaK KaK BpeMH a.MopTM3aunn T3C sHaqHTejrbHO npo­AOJIHHTejIbHee aM0pTH3aUHH TepMOS^eKTpOCTaHUHÖ, co­3Aanne T3C HB.ijieTCH gojiee 3KOHOMHHM, NECMOIPN Ha TO, HTO OHH Tpe5yioT 3Ha<jHTejibHO BoJibuiHX KANHTAJIOBFLOWE­HHÍÍ. IlepexoAH K AeTajibHbiM BonpocoM, aBTop pa3CnpaeT TexHHqecKHe ycjioBHH C03AaHHH T3C. reorpa(J)HqecKHe oco­6eHH0CTH BeHrepcKHX peK TpeöyiOT, qToöbi co3AaBaeMbie peq­Hbie T3C 6bum ocHameHbi HHSKHM noporoM (/inn OTBOA 3 BH­HOCa) H C UIHPOKHMH OTBepCTHHMH (AJIH npOnyCKa JlbAa). ^JIH oöecneqeHHS OTBOAA nojiwx BOA CTAIMHH AOJIWHHX öbiTb co3AaHbi 6JIH3 rpaHHBbi 3ajiHBaeMoíi njioma/w HOT we Ha yCTOHX. CT3HBHH AOJDKHbl ÖblTb B 3HMHee BpeMH OTanjIH­BaeMbi. MecTO AJIH (|)YNA a«eHTa AOJI>KHO fíbiTb BtiöpaHO c HaH5ojibiueií TBjaTeAbHOCTbK), TaK KaK pa6oTbi no B03Be­AeHHio (j)ynflaMenTa TpeByiOT HCKJiwiHTejibHo BHCOKHX pacxoAOB. B BHAy KoJieÓanHÍí npHTOKa BOA HBJIHCTCH ymecTHbiM npH.MCH HTbnponejurepHLie TypfÍHiiu. Heo6xo­AHMO npHHHTb Mepw H A-TN Toro, qT06bi T3C 6HJIH H ueH­TpaMH CHCTeM opoiueHHH H napoxoACTBa. Bonpocbi pacxoAOB TaKwe ÜOAPO6HO H3Jiarai0TCH aBT0p0M. XOTH YBEJMQEHHEM KOAIJMIIHEHTA NOKATOC™ H MO>KHO coKpaTHTb cyMMy KanHTajioBjio>KeHHÍ}, HO yAejib­Hbie pacxoAbi CO3AAHHH T3C H BeHrpHH npn A^HHHX ycjio­BHHX — no CpaBHeHHK) C CyMMaMH, paCXOAyeMbIMH A-JIH C03AaHHH TepiH03JieKTP0CTaHHHÍÍ — CJTHIIIKOM BbICOKH : OHH COCTABJIHWT 10—13.000 <T>0pHHT0B 3a KBT. A ITO Kaca­eTCH ceGeCTOHMOCTH np0H3B0AHM0ft SHeprHH, oua AOXOAHT AO 12,2 (})HMep0B /KB-H HA p. Tncce H 10,3 (finjuiepoB/ KB-Q HA p. JlyHae. Ha MeAKHX peKax OHA COCTABJIHJIA 6b< 10—16 (tHJiJiepoB. ABTOP npejjiaraeT npoeKTbi aah co3AaHHH cera T3C eiKeroAHoft MoiUHOCTbio 1 MHJiJiHapA KB-q. OTAeJibHbie CTaH­UHH Morjra 6bi 5biTb ocymecTBjieHbi B TeqeHHe 10—12 JieT npH BJio>KeHHH KanHTajia 2,5 MHJiJiHapAa (})OpHHTOB. ITo­MHMO 3Toro, He jweuiajio 6bi co3flaTb H HacocHyio NAOTHHY MomHoCTbio 80.000 KBT Ha p. Jlynae, TaK KaK pacxoAH, CBH­3aHHbie c ee co3AaHHeM — 6jiaroAapH BbiroAHbiM reorpa^H­qeCKHM yCJTOBHHM — CpaBHHTejibHO HHqTO)KHbI. KajibKyjinnHH aBTOpa aojiíkhm paccMaTpHBaTbcn noKa KaK npeABapHTejtbHbie, cjiywamne TOJibKO HJTH opneHTauHH. Ilocjie npoBeAeHHH nouroTOBHTejibHHx paCoT H paapaSoTKH AeTajn>Hbix niraHOB CTaHeT BOSMO/KHUM onpeaejraTb cyMMW pacxoAOB Ae(J)HHHTHBHbIM 06pa30M. B CBH3H C nOArOTOBHTejIbHbIMH paÖOTaMH CaMOe ÖOJIb­uioe 3HaqeHHe HMeiOT yCTaHOBJieHHe caMoft BbiroAHoft Bbico­Tbi 3anpyA peqHHX BOA H onpeaejrenne caiwoíí npHroAHofi KOHCTpyKUHH npHMeHHeMblX TypÖHH. B HHTepecax paanHTHH BeHrepcKoro BOAHOI-O xo3Htt­CTBa aBTop cqHTaeT Heo5xonHMbiM pa3paöoTaTb oBniHe H AeTajibHbie N.IAHH AJIH Hcn0Jib30BaHHH 3anacoB «6ejioro YrJiH« CTpaHbi nocjie npoBCAeinre HccjicAonaimft, OTHOCH­UIHXCH K rHApoJioraqecKHM, Tonorpa^HqecKHM, reoJiorH­qecKHM H ApyrHM yCJIOBHÍIM ero, c yqeTOM onTHMa^bHoro Hen0JIb30BaHHH KOmqeCTB HMeromHXCH BOA. PaSoTa aBTopa co3AaeT co.mflHy K> 6a3y AAH pa3pa6oTKH 3THX nJiaHOB.

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