Hidrológiai Közlöny 1949 (29. évfolyam)
9-10. szám - Értekezések - J. BOGÁRDI, D. Eng.: Report on the Ground Water Conditions of the Great Hungarian Plain
generál formation of the water table locál conditions play a very considerable role, and so — according to Horusitzky — it has a special topography. Therefore in studying the ground water table. the water surface elevation above the basic level (in our case the level above the Adriatic sea) on one hand and its elevation or depths relative to the local ground levels on the otlier hand must be given. In Hungary the ground water observations were begun very late, about a hundred years later than the hydrographie observations. The í'irst of tliese observations of experimentál character were initiated by the Research Institute of Forestry in 1912. The material of the observations extending to a few wells were, however, mosHy destroyed without being in use during World War I and the following turbulent changes. Following World War I the forestrv "service has again started the systernatic study of ground water conditions of the Alföld in accordaneo with the ideas of prof. Chclnoky in connection with the afforestation of the Alföld. Observations were now made systematically and continuously. Up to 1928 already the stages of sixtyeight wells were regularly measured. The observation of the ground water conditions on the Alföld date back in fact to this time. Ground water studies of the Alföld took another initiative in 1929. Prof. Rohringer s+arted at this time a study of ground water conditions prevailing in the territorv between the Danube and the Tisza. From 1929 to 1934, 149 pipe wells were istalled exclusively for the observation of water tables. The wells are lined with concrete pipes of ten cm inner diameter. Two or three of the lower pipes are made of porous sandless concrete. Figure Ha shows the pipe well built in the térritory between the Danube and Tisza at Kiskunhalas — Harkapuszta. The Hydrographie Institute in 1933 started the development of the well net-work extending over the whole Alföld. In building of the new wells the already existing network was taken into consideration. So far the Hydrographie Institute has set up 220 pipe wells. Tn connection with somé more extensive hydraulie eonstructions many ground water wells were built by the Hydrographie Institute. Such special purposes for instance, are served by the wells placed along the alignement of the projected Danube—Tisza canal. The ground water wells are built by the Hydrographie Institute with the use of ironpipes of 8 cm inner diameter. On figure 1/b the pipe well built by the Institute at Püspökladány is shown. It ' must be mentioned finally that the National Irrigation Office has built since 1938, in connection with the trans-Tisza irrigations, 100 iron wells for the observation of the ground water levels. The „Rohringer" concrete wells and the iron wells of the National Irrigation Office were gradually taken over by the-Hydrographie institute since 1941 and thus at present the ground water wells are in the majority observed by the Hydrographie Institute. Naturally in the course of time many wells were silted Fig. 1. álra. Oround water concrete pipe n ell at Kiskunhalas. Botorii'siivelrből készült tatadvídkftt Klsknmhw'annál. 100 :200 •2-89 m Ground water iron pipe írell at Püspökladány. Vascsövekből késíiüt liila.ivizkú'l Püspökladánynál. Sandy c/dy Homoko5 jígyag SdnUyToéss" Homokos lossz dandy loess Homokos lössz jhghtly silfy san^ K isse iszapos ho jTiok Si/ty sand iszapos homok Sdno Hornok Sttty sdno— I szapos homok 1? cil vreous concrete pipe Wozlís Deloncso Pebb/es and sanő és homok Sand with fossi/s ss Homok kövületekkel Poreous iro n pipe Perforált' vascső Rough grave/ Durva kavics Bellanföpigot Karm antyús V72Ő 6843 U illesztés -1 -5 m-7 278 *
