Hidak Veszprém megyében (Veszprém, 2008)
Mellékletek
Mellékletek Summary Summary County Veszprém's area amounts to 4889 km 2 , it covers the southeastem part of Kisalföld (the Little Plain), the major part of the mountain Bakony and BalatonUplands, as well as a minor share of Mezőföld (Meadow Region). Its territory and borders have changed a lot, principally after World War II. From the viewpoint of traffic, it is favourable that there are suitable passes through the distinct geological lines of break in the Transdanubium Mountain of Médium Height. The currents of the county are transported to Danube through the rivers Rába and ZalaBalaton-Sió, its minor currents are Marcal, Bakony-ér, Gerence, Tapolca, Hajagos, Cuha, streams Séd, Egerviz, Lesence and others. The capital of the county is Veszprém, while its towns Pápa, Ajka, Balatonfüred, Devecser, Sümeg, Tapolca, Várpalota and Zirc are highly important from traffic point of view, as well. The county is inhabited since the ancient times. During the Román occupation of Pannónia, the routes Savaria-Arrabona, Arrabona-Sopianae, SavariaAquincum and several others were the most important ones. In the area of Román roads, significant other roads have led from the Middle Ages on. In addition, documents from the Arpadian age mention the bridges on the road network, many castles protected by lift bridges were built after 1241. The names of various settlements have alsó preserved the memory of bridges: Hídvég (1344), Berhida (1363), Óhíd (1483). (Híd= bridge). Besides bridge tolls indicate the locations of important bridges: Fok (1276), Biliege (close to Veszprém, 1233). Several bridges were registered mainly during the Turkish occupation identifyingthe location and the sizes of bridges (1572, G. Turco). After the Turkish occupation, roads and bridges were reconstructed, rehabilitated. The number of the bridges in the 18 th century is known from the map pages of the l st military survey. The majority of the 255 bridges was still of wooden structure butthe Noble General Assembly in 1791 decided on the discontinuation of building timber bridges. Therefore, several important, still standing stone bridges were built in Diszel, Hegyesd, Örvényes and Káptalanfa. Vaulted bridges were constructed evén earlier; the ones of Dörgicse and Szentgál were built probably in the 17 th century or before. Naturally, pile bridges were built through major currents e.g. by (Sió) Fok in 1717, the Sió-bridge by Mezőkomárom in 1751, across the river Zala at Balatonhídvég in 1832, and by Fenékpuszta in 1839 (it was the bridge of the Laké Balaton). The first railway line in the county started along the route of Székesfehérvár-Veszprém-Celldömölk in 1872. Along this important railway line, timber bridges were built, and in 1889, a Rába-bridge was built near Marcaltő the superstructure of which contained steel girders. A high number of arches were constructed at the end of 18 th century, and at the beginning of 19 th century; the county engineer wrote down already 235 stone and brick structures (bridges and culverts). Somé of the still existing major arches are as follows: the four-spanned arch of Hajmáskér was constructed before 1780, the two-spanned bridges of Örvényes and Hegyesd were completed by 1791, the five-spanned bridge with statue niche was built in 1793, the aesthetic, statue-decorated bridge at Káptalanfa was completed by 1794, and there are still others. The two-spanned stone bridges of Herend, Nemesbük, Nagyvázsony, Bakonybél, Sóly, and the three-spanned arch in Pula, all of them mentioned in this book are remarkable values. Presently, five vaulted bridges are nationally protected monuments and statues ornament five bridges. That is why, and due to the high number of arches (73 of them on public highways and somé 60 on municipality roads), the county can be considered as the richest county in Hungary from this viewpoint. Irón or steel bridges were first (from 1887 on) built using rolled girders. After the devastation of World War II, a valuable, important bridge was built across the river Rába in 1949. The river span is a through steel arch-bridge with 70 m length, which was built using the remains of the Tisza-bridge at Szeged, while the plate-girder structures of flood spans using the remains of bridges in Budapest. At Várkesző, a welded, three-spanned (3x24 m) Rába-bridge of parallel flange was built in 1960 the structure of which works together with a reinforced concrete slab. As a part of road network development activities, several steel bridges have been lately constructed. A 35 mspanned railway truss bridge was constructed over the future motorway M8 near Balatonfuzfo; a viaduct at Márkó with 36+5x48 m spans is being presently built which has two separate structures, welded, main girders that work together with the reinforced concrete slab. A special feature of this project is that the totál superstructure including the slab is pushed in to its final location. On railway lines, two deck truss bridges were built on the line between Veszprém and Győr already in 1896, besides a Marcal-bridge, a Cigány-canal-bridge, a 221
