Hidak Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok megyében (Szolnok, 2000)

Mellékletek

Summaty SUMMARY The county Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok is a county of médium area (5607 km

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), of evén surface crossed by the river Tisza. Before river regulation, huge damp areas made the traffic difficult here. During the Árpád-age its road network was relatively scattered, the most important route was the "salt road" between Pest and Transsylvania which crossed the river Tisza by Szolnok. The waters of this area (Jászság), the rivers Zagyva and Tárna necessitated the construction of several bridges. Today the totál length of national roads is 1318 km, and that of community (local) roads amounts to 3722 km. Somé important - probably timber - bridges in the county are mentioned in documents in the 14

,h and 15* century: Fegyvernek (1354), Jánoshida (1426). In 1550, a castle was built in Szolnok protected by the river Zagyva; the first bridge of the town could be found here. The first Tiszabridge was built in Szolnok by carpenters of Debrecen. The more than 400-year history of this bridge is well-known, from 1720 on several designs and presentations of the project survived. The number of bridges was rather high in Jászság area of the county. In 1783,14 timber bridges could be found in Jászberény (first military survey). From 1788, the design of a 11-fathom bridge is known. Somé bridges originating from the following period: Körös-bridge in Kunszentmárton (1806), Tisza-bridge in Cibakháza (1827) and Tisza-bridge in Tiszafüred (1734). It means that already 3 Tisza-bridges were operating in the first third of 19

th century. Their construction and maintenance was a hard task because of the repeated icy floods. Several remained 14 mlong timber beams prove the levél of the bridge construction, the knowledge (expertise) of bndge carpenters, workers and county engineers. The highway Tisza-bridge built in Szolnok by caipenter Obermayer was an outstanding engíneering structure which served the ever growing traffic for more than 50 years. The extremely imposant railway Tisza-bridge in Szolnok with a totál length of 512 m was built in 1857. It had to be reconstructed after 31 years proving its durability. The longest Hungárián timber bridge was constructed close to Kisköre in 1889. The river spans of the railway bndge with 780 m totál length consisted of Howe-trusses of 48 m. In the county (mainfy in the region Jászság) a lot of high quality, multi-span stone arches were built during the last decades of 18"' century. (E.g. eight stone bridges were constructed between Jászberény and Jászjákóhalma in the period of 1792-94). The Zagyva-bridge in Jászberény built in 1806 is still under operation (originally it had four spans, today only three), similarly the originally nine-span Zádor-bridge close to Karcag was compléted in 1809 which was our longest (40 fathoms) stone bridge that time and the Tarna-bridge in Jászdózsa in 1813 which represents the expertise of the masters by its originál form and 5 spans. Besides several other valuable arches could be found in the county before 1944. 10 of them were destroyed during the World War II and the rest was reconstructed partly due to the changed hydrological conditions. An early example of reinforced concrete bridge construction in the county is the reinforced concrete slab of the flood area Tisza-bridge in Szolnok (1906) supported by steel girders; the slab of Tisza-bridge (1911); the Zagyvabridge in Újszász (1913); the flood area spans of HármasKőrös-bridge in Kunszentmárton (1925) - ripped girder bridges. An intensive road construction programme was initiated in 1927, as a part of which - among others - the threespan Zagyva-bridge in Szolnok, the Zagyva-bridge in Jánoshida (1935) and the strange-shaped Zagyva-bridge in Jászberény (1937) were built. The typical span was 15-20 m. The works of almost every famous bridge designers (Szilárd Zielinski, Győző Mihailich, István Menyhárd, Győző Haviár, Endre Mistéth) can be found in the county. As an outstanding project, the highway overpass in Szolnok (1940) can alsó be mentioned which was the longest reinforced concrete bridge of the country (401 m), while its main span (48 m) with stiftén ing girders above railway tracks is the longest in Hungary and was the longest in Europe when constructed. The first irón and steel bridges were built for railways: close to Kunszentmárton and Mezőtúr in 1885. The twotracked Tisza-bridge in Szolnok was an outstanding work. Although the structure designed by János Feketeházy had a considerable length (392 m), it was evén more important that its sickle-shaped river-spans served the model for the later Danube-bridges. Most of the steel bridges in the county were produced and assembled by the machine factory of Hungárián State Railways. In 1891, a five-span truss birdge was built at Tiszafüred for road and railway traffic. The first highway steel bridge was built on the river Hármas-Körös close to Öcsöd (four spans, 70 m main span). A smaller (30 m) steel truss bridge in Mezőtúr (1903), then a railway bridge again, the river spans of Tisza-bridge in Kisköre were reconstructured intő steel structure. Then the permanent highway Tisza-bridge was built by Szolnok after the more than 50-year timber bridge had been severely damaged by the ice drift in 1909. It was 167