Hidak Fejér megyében (Székesfehérvár, 2006)

Függelék

Függelék Summary Summary County Fejér is situated in the middle of the country, in the gate of Transdanubia. Its surface is varied, the county is limited by the eastern extension of the mountain Bakony and the mountain Vértes in the north, its natural eastern border is the river Danube, while the southern part of the county is Mezőföld. The terrain makes no obstacle for the traffic of the county, although the Sárvíz made the crossing possible just in some points before the regulation of the river. There has been only ferry-crossing by now; the first Danube-bridge is being built in the county just now. The area of Fejér county has several times considerably changed. The county seat, Székesfehérvár had been a coronation capital for 500 years, then it became a coronation town. The road network was extensive already during the Roman ages, an important traffic junction was developed at Gorsium, by the crossing-place of Sárvíz. By the establishment of Hungarian kingdom, the royal residence was evolved close to Fehérvár, in a location protected from marches, in the most significant road crossing. The road network developed on Roman bases, the major roads led to Buda, Eszék, Győr and Veszprém. After the regulation of waterways, several eastern-western roads became important in the southern part of the county, in addition to the radial roads starting from Székesfehérvár. As a part of the road development, a major modernisation of the road Buda-Fehérvár-Veszprém was earned out in 1934-35, and the road to Nagykanizsa which leads along the lake Balaton was also modernised then. Expressway construction started in the county already in 1959, first the predecessor of the present road no. 1 was rehabilitated to a half-motorway, then the motorways M7 and Ml were built in several phases. Presently, two motorways (M6 and M8) are being built connected to the Danube-bridge by Dunaújváros. There were wooden bridges by Gorsium, along the "limes" road and some other county roads already in the 1st and 2nd centuries. Large timber bridges stood across Sárvíz by Úrhida in 997 and through castle ditches of Fehérvár around 1018. Among the crossing-places of Sárvíz, that of Föveny (Tác) and - gradually - that of Battyán (Szabadbattyán) became important. In Székesfehérvár, more fortresses and consequently more bridges were constructed after the Mongol invasion of Hungary in 1241-42. For certain, there was a bridge across the river Sió in 1344 proved by the name Hidvég. Fehérvár and the water crossing-places were under Turkish occupation for nearly 150 years, major road and bridge construction could start only after this period. In 1689, 12 gate or castle ditch bridges could be found in the county. The first bridge register is available from 1766: 85 timber and 12 stone bridges were recorded then. On the map sections of 1st military survey, already 10 Sárvíz-bridges can be found. There was an important crossing-place also by Cece where an embankment was built in 1818, and the drafts of a three-spanned bent timber bridge remained, as well. In 1861, several major wooden bridges were built in the course of railway construction, also by Szabadbattyán. They were, however, reconstructed to permanent structures in the 20th century. There had been just a few timber bridges in the national highway network before World War II; however, 141 timber bridges stood on the local highway network in 1964, although their number was reduced to 32 by 1989. New timber bridges are very rarely built as pedestrian and bicycle bridges. In castle parks, spectacular timber bridges wake memories of the past. Presumably, there were arch bridges on the Roman-built roads, the name "Roman bridge" refers to it in several settlements (Százhalombatta, Ráckeresztúr). It is certain that the arch bridge by Batta had to be repaired in 1747. In 1818, a detailed bridge survey was carried out according to which there were 132 stone or brick structures in the county. Arch bridges were built in castle parks already in the 18th century. Very likely, the aesthetic 3-spanned stone arch in Martonvásár was built in this period. The railway construction needed the building of several arches, the largest one in Baracska with 11.38 m span. In 1964, there were 52 stone and brick bridges on national highways and 75 on local highways. By now, their number has been reduced to 16 on national highways (10 of them with on age of 100 + years). There are still more arches on local roads. Iron and steel bridges were built relatively early, although the bridging of large obstacles only rarely needed the use of steel superstructure. In 1882, a truss railway bridge was constructed across Sárvíz by Rétszilas. That time, through the stream Gaja and its flood area iron bridges of 18 m span were built, one of them had stood there till the near past. In 1883, two more iron bridges were built through 216