Hidak Csongrád megyében (Szeged, 2003)

Összefoglaló, Zusammenfassung, Summary

FÜGGELÉK already at the end of 18th century. The building authority did not support the building of a timber Tisza-bridge in 1843, that is why the design of a chain bridge was made but due to financial problems - a permanent highway bridge was constructed just later. The railway construction started in Szeged relatively early, and an 8-spanned iron truss bridge was built on the river Tisza in 185758. It was the second permanent river bridge in Hungary, the first truss bridge and the first bridge of caisson foundation in Europe. It was designed by Cézanne and constructed by the firm Ernest Gouin. The design drawings and the detailed description of the construction of the famous bridge have survived. The railway construction needed the building of another Tisza-bridge of 100 m span by Algyő in 1870. Its flood area spans were then still timber structures, but they were converted into a permanent structure in 1902. Not only the railway construction, but also the development of roads needed bridge building. First, a four-spanned Howe-system timber bridge was constructed by Makó in 1879 with a cross-section which permitted also the railway traffic. The two kinds of traffic were separated by a fence. The joint operation was maintained for 44 years. Also permanent bridges were already built in this period. Immediately, after the flood devastation of Szeged in 1879 - based on an international tender - a four-spanned deck bridge was designed by the Hungarian Feketeházy and constructed by the firm Eiffel in 1880-83. The bridge foundation and the manufacturing of iron structures were produced by Hungarian firms. In 1895 a highway and in 1903 a railway Maros-bridge were built by Magyarcsanád. These were the first permanent bridges in the county designed and built by Hungarian engineers. Both bridges had stormy fates: their traffic ceased or became minimal after World War I, besides they were damaged and SUMMARY have not been reconstructed since then. It is an interesting fact that both bridges were demolished in 1956, and their structures were reutilised in the construction of three bridges on other places. In 1903, as a part of the transversal road an almost 500 m long bridge with 120 m maximum span was constructed between Csongrád and Szentes. It had been designed also for railway traffic which actually used the bridge from 1906 on. The truss bridge was a significant technical work which operated as a highway-railway bridge until 1981. Than the great period of iron and steel bridge construction terminated: four steel truss Tisza-bridges and two Maros-bridges were built during 45 years, from then the reinforced concrete structures have spread. In 1892, culverts with rigid case were built, then reinforced concrete was utilised for the substructure of river bridges. Szilárd Zielinski, the founder of Hungarian reinforced concrete bridge construction designed several slender reinforced concrete bridges in the county. In 1910, a separated grads structure was constructed on a section of present main road No 5 in Szeged utilising reinforced concrete superstructure with rigid case. A 82year old reinforced concrete girder bridge is the oldest one on the national highway network of the county. Between 1925 and 1935, these bridges were constructed in a high number. Then three-spanned, economic reinforced concrete bridges were built based on the design of Dr. Richard Sabathiel during the water regulation activities. Presently, only 4 bridges of them are still operating on the national highway network, and several others managed by municipalities. In 1935, an interesting bridge was constructed on the main road between Budapest and Szeged above the railway line. During the spread of reinforced concrete, the idea of reinforced concrete construction above the river Maros came up, but finally a railway and a highway bridge was built using 211