A Kiskőrösi Közúti Szakgyűjtemény Évkönyve 2000-2006. (2007)

VIII. SUMMARY

tion, and the procession of the matériái of the collection has been prepared regularly, in the formát of a yearbook. Furthermore, the collection manages the booklet series entitled „Technical constructors - Hungárián engineers". Own research and services provided to research-workers: Research includes the utilization of the rich matériái of the collection. Own research serves primarily the improvement of the stock, and furthermore, summarizes the wide-ranging thematic materials of the Technical Collection. In Kiskőrös all conditions for the reception of research-workers have been created during the reconstruction, by developing accommodation and research rooms. SIMONYI, Alfonz 2. 100 years of road inspector training The construction of the public road network of Hungary with solid road pavement started around the mid of the 18th century, under the direction of engineers. The Habsburg administration governing the country ordered the setup of national and county-level Architectural Directorates with the purpose of establishing a professional management of state construction works. Each county-level municipality was obliged to employ an engineer for the preparation and the implementation of water, building and public road constructions. The construction of public roads and the maintenance thereof - in virtue of its nature and by being the most extensive - demanded the most comprehensive organizational structure of administration and maintenance. Thus, several road inspectorate districts were set up, which passed over the arrangement of technical issues related to the road network of the districts to road inspectors. At the beginning it was enough for a road inspector to write, to reád and to count, and to be a craftsman (carpenter, stonemason). As the paved road network became longer and, along with that, the traffic on public roads increased, as more necessary it became for road inspectors to acquire more and more knowledge on the structure of roads. This led to a transmission of tasks of Architectural Directorates to county-level State Architecture Offices as from 1876, where all technical issues of public roads were handled by experts having obtained a qualification in engineering. The régiónál experts of these offices became road inspectors afterwards, who were required to have manifold technical knowledge. At the beginning they acquired this knowledge through practice. As a result of the first act on public roads adopted in the last years of the 19th century, schoois for road inspectors were established in 1903 on ten locations around the country. Here all road inspectors who were already in employment and all other individuals who intended to acquire such a qualification could gradually obtain a qualification as a road inspector. When the first World War ended, these schoois were closed, and the Ministry responsible for transport affairs let the personnel of road inspectors be trained only in the framework of occassional courses. DÁVID, Tivadar - SIMONYI, Alfonz - TÓTH, Ernő, dr. 3. The History of Road Operation Centres Organized road maintenance was done from the beginning (1867) under the supervision of state architectural county offices, under the control of road inspectors, by road attendants. Between 1950-1954 the system changed: then, road maintenance was provided by road maintenance companies that were controlled by county councils. However, it didn't work, and so, first, 12 county sub-offices, and then, in 1958, as much public road operation centres were set up. Roads were maintained by road attendants responsible for road sections of 5 to 7 kilometres, under the control of section engineers and section technicians. Motorization required dust-proof road surfaces, that could be only maintained by machines and by smaller or larger work brigades, and thus, mechanization was launched and the organization was changed. Between 1966-1968 road inspectorate districts were established at each 350-400 kilometres, provided with motorized road attendants, small brigades of 5 to 6 persons, and equipped with chains of machines. Road inspectorates were fitted out with plants. As from 1970 the ever growing vehicle traffic required - beside road widening and strengthening - more intensive traffic management technology and a new approach in road maintenance. In the framework of this, mechanization of road maintenance accelerated, and from 1972 road inspectorates were gradually transformed intő road operation centres providing for better conditions. These flexible and efficient organizations have förmed the basis of road operation and maintenance yet up to now. Public road directorates were reorganized in 1983; in 1990 the county-level structure was restored, and then, in 1996, they were converted intő public interest companies. These changes did not occur due to technical demand, and the road maintenance-related performance of road operation centres feli back. 125