Csiffáry Gergely: Manufaktúrák és céhen kívüli ipar Heves megyében - Tanulmányok Heves megye történetéből 14. (Eger, 1996)

GERGELY CSIFFÁRY: MANUFACTURES AND OTHER NON-GUILDSYSTEMATIC INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS IN HEVES COUNTY

repairing, caring and munitions production. Its birth is related to the military demands between the Turkish wars and the end of the 'Rákóczi era'. The Fazola-workshop supported constructions in Eger and its outskirts, from the end of the 18th century for about half a century. The crude -iron processing and smelting workshops of Szilvásvárad were established by a mundane owner and existed for about 80 years. The crudeiron processing workshop of Nagyvisnyó satisfied every day demands in the middle of the 19th century. Pearlash was a very important raw-material of soap, glass and the textile industry. It was mostly produced in the Mátra, which looked like a native forest at that time. According to the relating documents, pearlash in the Mátra and in the Bükk was produced beside the glass-works. One of the most prominent pearlash-shops was the one in Párád partly because of its size and partly because one part of pearlash derived from burning wood was sold and also used in the glassworks. The one operating in Gyöngyössolymos first produced pearlash for glass-works, but later only to put it on the market. The one on the border of Istenmezeje worked for a broad -cloth manufacturer. After 1851 this branch of industry came to an end totally, due to the invention of the chemical soda. It should be mentioned that the pearlash industry destroyed a large amount of forests. The introduction of the nitrate industry was the result of the military situation of the Hungarian- Austrian Monarchy. First the war of seven years in order to reoccupy Silesia then in 1787 the Turkish war made the government intensify nitrate production. The 'Golden Age' of this branch of industry was at the time of the Napoleon wars. Because of the war prosperity 2 nitrate works were founded (both by mundane landlords) and there were several works owned by foreigners (so called Szilezita works). The reason of why Hungary's nitrate-works came to an end was the importation of nitrate from Chile, and the opening up of the Knoz mine in Strassfurt. At a later date nitrate was produced by chemical industry. The existence of the gun-powder industry can be verified from the end of the 15th century until the 18th century. Gunpowder-works played a very important part in Eger. Their long existence is due to the importance of the castle of Eger. Native soda was used to produce soap. According to descriptions of the 19th century, the native soda industry played an important role in Heves county. I wasn't able to find any accurate documents during my long research work which could verify the existence of these works. Only the geographical names can refer to the fact that there were 3 establishments where native soda works could have existed. There were 2 alum -works in Heves County, both operating in Párád (where alum was produced for 61 years). The significance of them is that they were the earliest alum-works founded in Hungary. The reason why the alum industry finished in Heves 382