Szabó János szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 23. 2005. (Budapest, 2005)

FRAGMENTA PALAEONTOLOGICA HUNGARICA 23, BUDAPEST, 2005 Anomalomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Rudabánya, Hungary (Miocene, MN9): terminology of molars, age categories and phylogenetic interpretations by László KORDOS Abstract — Anomalomys rudabanyensis KORDOS, 1989 belongs to the Anomalomys gaudryi—rudabanyensis—petteri lineage. The genus Anomalomys is possibly a descendant of a small species of Eumjarion. Early Miocene species of Anomalomys, notably A. aliveriensis and A. minor, are primitive representatives of the group. Anomalomys cf. rudabanyensis has been reported from outside the Carpathian Basin (Hilleniche, Germany, MN9). Some hitherto unpublished Vallesian material of Anomalonrys from Gritsev (Ukraine, MN9) exhibits a transitional morphology

7 between Anomalomys rudabanyensis and Allospalax ("Prospatax" or "Allospalax") petteri. The terminology of molar age categories of Anomalomys is defined in the present paper. Keywords — Anomalomys, Rudabánya, Miocene. KORDOS, L.: Anomalomys (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Rudabánya, Hungary (Miocene, MN9): terminology of molars, age categories and phylogenetic interpretations. — Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica, 23: 19-28. Introduction The Rudabánya locality derives its fame from being one of the most important Late Miocene Great Ape Sites in Europe (Dryopithecus — Ritdapithecus; Anapitbecus). The Rudabánya fauna developed in the margins of the extensive Pannonian Lake, in a warm, equable subtropical climate beuveen 11-10 Ma (MN9 Zone). The fossil vertebrate fauna of Rudabánya was listed for the first time by KRETZOl et al. (1976). They recognized two species of anomalomyines, Anomalomys cf. gaillardi VlRET & SCHAUB, 1946 and Prospalax petteri BACHMAYER & WILSON, 1970. The same material was studied later by FEJFAR, and RABEDER (1985) referred to it as Anomalomys gaudryi GAILLARD, 1900. On the basis of the material collected by KRETZOl (1972-1976) and KORDOS (1977-1987), KORDOS (1989) described a new species, Anomalomys rudabanyensis and did not recognise A. cf. gaillardi and A. gaudryi in the fauna. The excavations of the Multidisciplinary Research at Rudabánya Project between 1992 and 1997 (BERNOR et al. 2003) have yielded new specimens of Anomalomys, among others, collected by G. HÖCK (Vienna). Besides the cricetids and non-anomalomyine murids, the Anomalomyinae is the most abundantly represented taxon in the Carpathian Basin in the late Miocene, in terms of number of fossil remains. Terminology of The molar structure of the Anomalomyinae derives from the ancestral cricetid forms Eumyarion microps (DE BRUIJN & SARAÇ 1991) and Humyarion intercentralis (DE BRUIJN & SARAÇ 1991). In the transformation of the molars from the cricetid to the anomalomyine type, three main structural elements can be distinguished: cusps (cone, conid), synclinals (sinus, sinid) and folds (loph, lophid). (See also WOOD & WILSON 1936; MEIN & FREUDENTHAL 1971; and Figures 1—2). The ancient cricetid molars (Ml and ml) of Humyarion intercentralis and E. microps bear the following structures: main cone(id)s; anterior anterocone(id) in Ml and ml; buccal medial protocone(id); buccal posterior hypocone(id) in Ml and ml; antero-medial lingual paracone in Ml or metaconid in ml; and lingual posterior paracone in Ml or entoconid in ml. Secondary cones(ids) are also present, as a mesocone(id) between the protocone(id) and the hypocone(id) in the buccal side, and a hypoconule(id) posterior to the hypocone(id). In the genus Eumyarion the cone(id)s give rise to folds as well: in Ml there is a lingual imalomyine molars anteroloph, and in ml a lingual and a buccal anterolophids start at the anterocone. The anterior protolophule derives its origin from the anterior part of the protocone, and it turns buccal between the buccal part of the anterocone and the paracone of Ml. The metaconid of the ml has a short anterior extremity, the anterior metalophulid. In the Ml, an entomesoloph has developed between the mesocone and the hypocone lingually, and a metalophule between the paracone and the metacone buccally. In the ml, the ectomesolophid (or entomesolophid) lies between the proto- and hypoconid buccally, and the mesolophid is situated between the metaconid and the entoconid lingually. The posterior end of the Ml shows a long fold connection between the hypocone and the metacone as a metalophule, as well as a posterior cingulum. The same part of ml, between the entoconid and the hypoconulid, there are a lingually directed posterolophid and a posterior cingulum. In the Anomalomyinae the ancient cuspic sructure has turned into folds, while the main cusps have been retained (anterocone => anteroloph, paracone -=> paraloph of Ml;