Vörös A. szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 15. 1992. (Budapest, 1992)
Salix with^4/rtiw as an accessory elemen t.The herb layer is represented by Osmunda parschlugiana living on patches of ground elevated from the water, hidden by the feet of trees and bushes. Towards the open water surface, a rich vegetation composed mainly of reed was possibly formed (Text-fig. 5). PALAEOCLIMATOLOGICAL EVALUATION On the basis of the climatic requirements of the species, the lower and the upper flora can be unambiguously distinguished. The lower flora is definitely thermophilous. Its members needed a subtropical climate, they are mostly Palaeotropical elements. Only Ulmus pyramidalis and Acer tricuspidatum are Arctotertiary elements of the assemblage, whereas Zelkova zelkovaefolia and the rest of the constituents are subtropical. Consequently, the climate must have been subtropical. The Arctotertiaryspecies present formed an intrazonal assemblage, penetrating along the riversides deep into the zonal laureate forests. There are modern examples of this phenomenon: species of temperate climatic zones penetrate subtropical-tropical forests along the rivers. This flora is typical for the Early Miocene. The climatic requirements of the upper flora were substantially different from the lower one. No palaeotropical elements were found in this flora composed mainly of Arctotertiary elements. Byttneriophyllum indicates a moderately warm climate. Similarly, Gfyptostrobus and Osmunda parschlugiana are not resistant to cold climate. Thus the existence of a climate significantly colder than that suggested by the lower flora but warmer than our present climate can be postulated. Species like Alnus cecropiaefolia, Byttneriophyllum tiliaefolium, and Gfyptostrobus europaeus are typical for the Pannonian of Hungary. THE MACROFLORA OF THE TISZAPALKONYA-I BOREHOLE SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS Taxodiaceae Gfyptostrobus ENDL. Gfyptostrobus europaeus (BRONGNIART) UNGER Material: sample No 695, depth 1487.2-1487.0 m, No 711, depth 1532.4 m, No 711, depth 1534.9-1534.8 m, No 725, depth 1567.3 m, No 764, depth 1969.9 m For remarks, see under Iharosberény-I. Betulaceae Alnus L. Alnus cf. cecropiaefolia (ETTINGSHAUSEN) BERGER Pl. VII, Fig. 1. Materialrsample No 711, depth 1534.9-1534.8 m For remarks, see under Iharosberény-I.
