Vörös A. szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 12. 1985. (Budapest, 1985)

M

1

: The basic pattern is-the same as that of the Mj but it appears in an opposite order. It is provided lingually with one, labially with two re-entrants. The variability of the tooth elements is 7.6%, and it is totally made up by the isolation of the anterior fold. M

2

: A fold system of compressed S-shape. There is a re-entrant on both the lingual and the labial side. On the labial edge of the medial fold the enamel is angularly arched. Its variability is 11% of which 7.4% of the anterior fold and 3.6% of the posterior fold are isolated. M

3

: Reduced, rounded tooth. On both of its sides there is a re-entrant of which 19% of the labials are strong. The variability of the tooth structure is 33%, 4.7% of the anterior fold and 9.5% of the posterior fold are isolated. In the course of the morphological analysis of the upper teeth it has become evident that already no Anomalomys pattern can be found but the tendency for isolation can be more frequently pointed out in them. A tooth structure analysis of the Anomalomys tardosi gen.n., sp.n. showed that the ancestor of this taxon should be found in the Anomalomys genus and the Spalacinae of simpler fold can be derived from them. In this latter group tendencies of isolation and recomplication of the anterior, medial and posterior folds can be found. The transformation of the lower tooth-row (and that of the Mj-Ivl^) is the slowest, while the most significant development starts in the upper teeth. Anomalospalax viretschaubi (KRETZOI, 1971) 1946. Anomalomys spec. - VIRET & SCHAUB, p. 351. fig. 7. 1971. Anomalomys viretschaubi n. sp. - KRETZOI, p. 113. Locality

: Polgárdi (1-2?), Hungary Holotypus

: Mus. Bale T.O. 185 (in.: VLRET & SCHAUB 1946) A Spalacinae is known from the classical Polgárdi locality that was described by VIRET & SCHAUB (1946) as Anomalomys spec. KRETZOI (1971) in his study on the taxonomy of Spalacidae described this specimen as viretschaubi n. sp. Among the vertebrates found at the Polgárdi 4 site in 1984, pJart of which have been analysed, an assemblage of several mandibles and maxillae was found. Their tooth-morphology is similar to the Anomalospalax tardosi gen, n. sp. n.; i.e. it can be derived from them. The tooth-element variability of the Polgárdi findings is the same as that of the A. tardosi. Anomalomys patterns and isolations cannot however be pointed out as frequently, A comparison of the tooth element variability of Anomalospalax tardosi and Anomalospalax viretschaubi is given in Table 2. The specimens of Anomalospalax viretschaubi (Kretzoi) found at the Polgárdi 4 locality are significantly larger than those of A. tardosi, but not as large as the characteristic size of Prospalax priscus (Nehring) (Tables 1, 2, 4, 5 and Fig. 1). SOME PHYLOGENETIC CONCLUSIONS While describing Anomalospalax gen, n. a preliminary revision could be carried out of the phylogeny of Neogene Middle European Spalacinae. From the most ancient remains, i.e. from Ano malomys minor Fejfar, 1972 (FEJFAR 1972, SC HOTZ 1980) the species Anomalomys goudryi Gaillard (GAILLARD 1900) and the Anomalomys gaillardi Viret & Schaub, 1946 can be derived. From the Anomalomys specimens found at Rudabánya (unpublished, anterior fold of M^ isolated in each case), the taxa Prospalax petteri Bachmayer & Wilson, 1970 and Allospalax plenus Kretzoi, 1971 can be derived. The presence of dentin described in the diagnosis of this latter (KRETZOI 1971, p. 115) was not confirmed at the type-locality (Sümeg). The morphology and size of the above two taxa are very similar, but strongly differ from those of the genus Prospalax

. Therefore on priority basis the author recommends the use of the name Allospalax petteri (Bachmayer & Wilson) instead of Prospa lax petteri Bachmayer & Wilson. In the author' s opinion from the transitional stage of Anomalomys goudryi and Anomalomys gaillardi the genus Anomalospalax can be derived. The older form of this latter genus, Anomalospa lax tardosi (MN 12) and its successor Anomalospalax viretschaubi are of the same origin. The species Anomalomys gernoti Daxner-Höck seems to be parallel to the two main lines described above. At the present stage of our investigations it is not possible to decide how Prospalax priscus (Nehring) and Prospalax kretzoi Jánossy are phylogenetically related to the Middle European Neogene Spalacinae.