Vörös A. szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 11. 1983. (Budapest, 1983)
3 ( 6) The crus ventrale, fossae narrow, without a small depression in it. 4 { 5) Fossa pneumo-anconaea shallower than the fossa tricipitalis, the humerus, the whole bone proximally and distally broad, dimensions large (average length 24. 0, av. width of diaphysis 2. 4 mm): Coccothraustes. 5 ( 4) Fossa tricipitalis and pneumo-anconaea equally deep, the former one narrow, as the whole bone too, (chiefly distally), dimensions smaller (av. length 18.0, av. width of diaph. 1. 6 mm): Passer. 6 ( 3) Crus ventrale fossae broadened, with a small depression in it may be seen (only in tangential light), tuberculum ventrale weaker, medial bar translucently thin: Fringilla. 7 ( 2) Medial bar forming a less prominent wall (with a thickened margin), crus ventrale fossae stronger. 8 ( 9) Medial bar extending more into the direction of dorsal side, measurements larger; Pyrrhula 9 ( 8) Medial bar forming a wall only on ventral side of the fully joined two fossae: C arduelis 10( 1) Crista lateralis shorter, medial bar reduced. 11(14) Lightly built, elongated forms. 12(13) Crus ventrale fossae and tuberculum ventrale narrow, fossa tricipitalis shallower, with a knob within it ("auricle-like: surface), with small dimensions: Serinus 13(12) Crus ventrale fossae and tuberculum ventrale broader, both fossae confluent, larger forms: Emberiza 14(11) Stouter built, proximally and distally broadened forms. 15(16) Two fossae not quite confluent, fossa tricipitalis somewhat shallower than f. pneumoanconaea: Chloris 16(15) Two fossae quite confluent, the bone proximally and distally remarkably broadened: Loxia Distinction of the species within the genera is rather problematic. For genera which are represented by only one species in our region the descriptions of the key are valid. Among them the identifications are stenghened by some measurements; this is the case in Coccothraustes , Chloris , Serinus , Loxia and Pyrrhula . Measurements of the humeri of some smaller Fringillidae (group 1.) length width of diaphysis proximal distal width Coccothraustes coccothraustes 23. 7-24.8 2. 3-2. 4 8.1-8. 2 6. 4-6.9 Chloris chloris 18.6-20.0 1.7-1.8 Serinus serinus ' 14.6 1.4 Serinus canaria 18.2 1.7 (domesticated canary) Loxia curvirostra 19. 4 2. 0 7.5 Pyrrhula pyrrhula 20. 4 2. 1 7. 0 5.2 Within the genus Emberiza (often cited in the literature as a family Emberizidae or a subfamily Emberizinae) among the Central European forms E.calandra is the largest, E. citrinella and hortulana are medium-sized (the last one proximally broader, distally and in its diaphysis narrower), E. cia , cirlus and schoeniclus are the smallest (E_. ci a distally broader, cirlus narrower, schoeniclus the narrowest; measurements see below). Similar allometrical differences are found within the genus Carduelis (s.l. ). The corresponding bone of C. cannabina is on average proprtionally larger than in C. carduelis . PLATE IX. Different species of the genus Parus: Fig. 1-2. P. major - Fig. 3-4. P. palustris - Fig. 5-6. P. cristatus - Fig. 7-8. P. montanus - Fig. 9-10. P. coeruleus - Fig. 11-12. P. ater (Fig. 1,2,3,5,7,9 and 11: dorsal view; Fig. 2, 4, 6,8, 10 and 12; ventral view)
