Vörös A. szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 11. 1983. (Budapest, 1983)
with the genera Sylvia , Locustella , Lusciniola , Acrocephalus , Hyppolais , Phylloscopus and Cettia. The humerus of this group belongs to the morphotype defined in the taxonormical key as "only the fossa pneumoanconaea well developed, fossa tricipitalis very shallow" [Nr. 10. (sfj . The smaller Turdidae ( Luscinia , Erithacus ) also belonging to the same morphotype may be separated from warblers by their longer crista pectoralis with a rectilinear margine. Hereby the proximal part of the humerus from dorsal side looks more flattened (further characterisation see at the Turdidae). In Panurus this bone is seemingly more lightly built than in all the warblers, chiefly the proximal epiphysis (prox. width only 4.0 mm!). We may characterize members of this family dealt with in this paper as follows: In Sylvia the proximal epiphysis from dorsal view is obliquely widened, crista pectoralis relatively longer, on caudal surface of proximal epiphysis, proximally from caput humeri, in field of reduced fossa tricipitalis a longitudinal fold (see also Bombycilla !), tuberculum ventrale from dorsal view prominent, distally elongated. Central European species differ in their corresponding bones in the size and proportions (see measurements): Sylvia nisoria being absolutely the largest,, _S. curruca the smallest, _S. atricapilla medium-sized and proximally narrower, S. borin proximally broader and with the same length, _S. communis somewhat shorter proximally and its diaphysis slimmer. The morphological relation in Phylloscopus is similar to Sylvia although in smaller dimensions. In Phylloscopus fossa tricipitalis somewhat deeper, does not possess a longitudinal ridge, the 'wall of crus dorsale fossae originates somewhat deeper, the margin of the wall not thickened (as in Acrocephalus ), tubercujum ventrale more reduced, as in Sylvia. Among the three species treated in this paper Phylloscopus sibilatrix is the largest and thickest. Ph. collibyta being somewhat smaller and thinner, Ph . trochilus being the most lightly built. In the group of reed-warblers (s. 1.) in Locustella the proximal epiphysis from dorsal view is antero-posteriorly more widened than in Acrocephalus and the same situation is in caudal view, too. Fossa tricipitalis in both is shallow, the margin of the wall of crus dorsale fossae in Locustella is slightly thickened, in Acrocephalus forming a definite "rim". The crista pectoralis in both is short, tuberculum dorsale forming in Locus tella a most prominent edge among all warbles (s. 1. ). The three species of Locustella dealt with in this paper differ absolutely in their measurements in my very modest comparative material: L. fluviatilis being the largest, L. luscinioides being of mediocre size, L. naevia the smallest (see measurements). Among the small species of Acrocephalus (and Lusciniola which I could not separate exactly from the others) - according to the measurements - Acrocephalus palustris seems to be in average the largest, A. schoenobaenus mediocre. A, scirpaceus in average smaller. Lusciniola melanopogon seems to be between the first two of the abovementioned species. Acrocephalus arundinaceus is the only species which is absolutely separable by its large measurements (see measurements). Cettia cetti shows in its whole shape and more gracile proportions, a quite different form (see measurements). Regulus differs among the members of this family beside the smallest dimensions, in its longer crista pectoralis and the strong torsion of the whole bone. The differences between the twinning species Regulus regulus and Regulus ignicapillus are not clear, there are perhaps in the average of measurements. I found in R^. regulus (n=6) the length of 9.4-10.0 mm, the width of diaphysis of 0.9-1.0 mm, in R. ignicapillus (n=2) the same of 9.9-10.1 and 1.0-1.1 mm. PLATE IV. Fig. 1. Chloris chloris - Fig. 2. Motacilla alba - Fig. 3. Motacilla cinerea - Fig. 4. Motacilla flava - Fig. 5. Motacilla alba - Fig. 6. Anthus spinoletta - Fig. 7. Anthus pratensis - Fig. 8. Anthus cervinus - Fig. 9. Anthus triviális - Fig. 10. Anthus campestris - Fig. 11. Motacilla alba - Fig. 12. Anthus campestris (Fig. 1-2: medial (caudal) view; Fig. 3-10: foreshortened view of medial (caudal) side of the proximal epiphysis; Fig. 11-12: ventral view of distal epiphysis)
