Dr. Nagy I. Zoltán szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 9. 1979. (Budapest, 1979)

Osztramos Loc. 8 has a curiously reduced P

4 which is orocaudally shortened too, as compared to the Pliocene animals. In this respect it seems to agree fully with Osztramos Loc. 7 and Osztramos Loc. 3 animals. Its mean of width is significantly smaller than that of Uppony population. The Uppony animals have greater P

4 than that of the recent populations. The M^-Mg row (see, figure 8: B and table 4} length is not always available in fossil material. It is clearly seen from the present study material that the Pliocene populations have the highest values and the greatest means. There is a significant difference between the mean of Podlesice and that of Osztramos Loc. 8 animal. In this respect the latter seems to be also smaller than all the other Pleistocene and recent animals except those from Carpathian Basin North and Asia Minor specimens. Among the recent populations there is again a significant difference between the means of South Carpathian and North Carpathian animals. The statistical evaluation of the M^ length (see, figure 6: E and table 2) shows that it is similar in some respects to the combined Mj-M

3 length. StiU, the measurements of Pliocene specimens do not differ strongly from the others. The difference between Rh. csak varensis and Podlesice animals as well as others from Pliocene is worth to mention, Rh. csakvarensis being the smallest, however, equalled by one part of the Osztramos Loc. 9 specimens and some from other localities. The small values of Osztramos Loc. 8 population are striking. Its mean is significantly different from all other Pleistocene and recent animals, but equals with that of specimens in Osztramos Loc. 3. The Dalmatian and South Carpathian populations are equal and at the same time significantly different from the North Carpathian specimens and those from Asia Minor. While the Japanese animals are among the mean values of South Europeans, the Kashmir Rh. f. proximus has as long M^ as the greatest European specimens have. Based on the above observations and results, descriptions of three new species and two new subspecies, as well as remarks on the other fossil populations studied are given as follows. Rhinolophus kowalskii n. sp. Derivatio nominis. The species is dedicated Dr. K. Kowalski the head of the Institute of Systematic Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, who first described the Pliocene fauna of Podlesice and kindly loaned this interesting material for study. Stratum typicum and locus typicus

. Lowest Middle Pliocene of Podlesice near Kroczyce, Poland. Diagnosis. A large species of Rh. ferrumequinum group. Size between Rh. lema- nensis REVILLOD and Central European Rh. ferrumequinum SCHREB. with well developed upper P

2 and lower P

2

. Holotype

. Left mandible without ascending ramus and with full dentition except 1^ and C (canine badly injured, but the talonid portion of it is available), posterior cone of I

2 missing. Collection of the Institute of Systematic Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences Krakow, Poland. Measurements of the holotype: C-M

3

: 9. 59; C-P

4

: 3. 44; P

4-M

3

: 7. 45; M

1-M

3

: 6.15; Mj-Mg: 4. 31; M

2-M

3

:4.05; M^ length: 2. 27; talonid width of Mj: 1. 45; M

2 length: 2.03; talonid width of M

2

: 1.45; M

3 length: 2.00; talonid width of M

3

: 1.18; P

2 length: 1.13; P2 width: 1.22; P

4 length: 1.27; P

4 width: 1.22; distance of C-P

4

: 1.00; P

3 small, extruded, small diastema between P

2 and P

4

; height of mandible under M^: 2. 13. Other material. In present work were used: 24 right and 25 left mandibular fragments with all teeth except 1^ represented, as well as one rostrum, 9 left and 15 right maxillary fragments. Measurements: C-M

q

: 9.59; C-P

4

: 3.28-3.77; P

4-M

3

: 7. 40-7. 50; Mj-Mg: 5. 98-6. 44; Mj-M

2

: 4.09-4.45; M

2-M

3

: 3.9 1-4. 31; Mj length: 2. 08-2. 45; talonid width of Mj: 1.22-1.63; M

2 length: 2.00-2. 31; talonid width of M

2

: 1. 36- 1. 59; M

3 length: 1. 88-2. 18; talonid width of M

3

: 1.00-1. 31; P

2 length: 1. 00- 1. 13; P

2 width: 1. 04-1. 27; P

4 length 1. 27-1. 50; P

4 width: 1.09- 1.36; distance of C-P

4

: 0. 81-1. 04; height of mandible under 1. 95-2, 23; height of mandible behind M

3

: 2.03-2.45; height of ascending ramus at coronoid process: 3. 60-4. 40. Length of palatal bridge: 2.95; C-C width: 7.1; height of nasal knob 4.7-4.8; C-M

3 length: 9.3-9.35; C-P

4

: 3.91-4.14; P

4-M

3

: 6.1-7.15; P

2-M

3

: 7.22-7.27; m^M

3

: 5.1-5.75;