Dr. Nagy I. Zoltán szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 9. 1979. (Budapest, 1979)

The highest values were shown by Pliocene animals, although many more as the Miocene Rh. delphinensis

, as well as Pliocene Rh. csakvarensis, Osztramos Loc. 19 and Osztramos Loc. lc has relatively shorter M^, similarly short, or even shorter than that of the recent Rh. fer rumequinum

. Rh. macrorhinus of Beremend is among the great-sized animals. The population of the Osztramos Loc. 8 - along with the other Pleistocene populations - shows a rather low value, as low as the Carpathian Basin South Rh. ferrumequinum, while the Dalmatian animals are significantly different (with long M^) from all of the Pleistocene and Holocene samples except Carpathian Basin South animals and Rh. mikadoi. As regards the morphology of upper M* and M

z (see, plates 1-6) the talon of these are worthy to be considered. Especially that of M* shows more or less extension in most of Pliocene animals and also in lower Pleistocene populations as compared to the talon of M^ in recent European species. Although the M^ itself is smaller in La Grive Rh. delphinensis studied than is Rh. ferrumequinum, still it has relatively longer and backward directed talon, different from that of recent animals. The difference in M

2 is not so evident. In the small Rh. csakvarensis the M-- has a little more elongated talon whilest that of M 2 is shorter. In Podlesice animal the talon of M* is pointed or elongate and sometimes narrow. Moreover it is back- and inwardly directed. That of M

2 less so, however, clearly different from that of European animals and resembles to Rh. f. tragatu

s of South East Asia. (Rh. f. tragatus

, however, is also in terminal stage of P

2 morphology, that is with extrusion of this small tooth from toothrow). The large forms in the Hungarian Pliocene are very similar in this respect to the Podlesice animal. While the smaller animals, as some from Osztramos Loc. 9 and Osztramos Loc. 7 have short talon of M-- and M

2

, almost so short and small as in La Grive and Csákvár. The animals of Osztramos Loc. If as if had shorter and stronger talon than those from Podlesice and Osztramos Loc. 9. The single one from Osztramos Loc. 19 is very similar to those of Osztramos 9. In Csarnóta there are M * teeth with both narrower and wider talon. The Beremend Rh. macrorhinus obviously shows the extended talon of the large sized Pliocene animals. Among the specimens of Osztramos Loc. 7 there are some with elongated talon and others with short one. In the extensive material from Osztramos Loc. 8 the extended and elongated talons of M*. M

2 of Pliocene forms are retained, however, some specimens tend to have shorter talon. The Lower Pleistocene Kövesvárad specimens were detailly studied by TOPÁL (1963). The similarity of the M

1 teeth of Kövesvárad and Osztramos Loc. 8 animals is clearly seen. The specimens of Uppony 1, Püspökfürdö and Tarkő more and more approach the recent Rh. ferrumequinum also with their shortening and diminishing talons of M

1 and M

2

. The morphology of upper M . As shown in figures 1: 1,2, Rh. delphinensis and Rh. csakvarensis have narrow and rather long M^. Similarly narrow M^ occurs only in Osztramos Loc. 19 and one single specimen in both Podlesice and Osztramos Loc. 9. The material from Osztramos Loc. lc has short but moderately narrow M^. One specimen from Podlesice is very wide, however extremely short. AU the others from Podlesice, Osztramos Loc. 9, Osztramos Loc. If, are uniformly wide and more or less long. The Rh. macrorhinus has a moderately long but rather narrow M^. Among the Pleistocene and Holocene populations in the one from Osztramos Loc. 3 occurs a short and narrow M^. Extreme length is shown by the most variable Osztramos Loc. 8 population. Otherwise, all data are extremely overlapping as it was also seen from the statistical evaluation of the M^ length measurements. Lower C (see, figure 7: B, C and table 3). Both in length and width the La Grive Rh. delphinensis is significantly smaller than the Podlesice and Osztramos Loc. 9 animals, however, it is approached by the Osztramos Loc. lc material and certainly some specimens from Osztramos Loc. 9. While Podlesice on one hand and Osztramos Loc. 9 as well as Csarnóta specimens on the other are the same both in length and width (statistically agree each other) the Osztramos Loc. 7 is significantly different from Podlesice in lower C width. Again, Csarnóta and Osztramos Loc. 7 agree in length and width measurements. Among the Pleistocene populations the small animal of Osztramos Loc. 3 shows significantly shorter C length and it is also different in C width from all, except Tarkő animals. The greatest C length was observed in Osztramos Loc. 8 specimens. These have statistically longer C than any Pliocene (except Podlesice), Pleistocene (except Kövesvárad) and Holocene populations. At the same time the Osztramos Loc. 8 animal has relatively narrow lower C. The length of lower C in Uppony and Tarkő populations are not different essentiaUy from those of recent Southern European populations, but the widest C of all Pleistocene populations studied is significantly greater than those of recent animals except the single Rh. f. proximus from Kashmir. As in